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Series 1: The Green Balloon Club (2008-2009)
The show is about four eco-warrior children who deal with nature and environmental issues. The show was originally part of the "EcoBeebies" brand. It started with a launch show named Easy Peasy Eco Beebies on 13 June 2008, and this was followed by 48 episodes, one every week from June 20, 2008 to May 29, 2009.
Each episode starts with the children doing the register, then singing the "Green Balloon Club" chant. At the end of the show, the balloon "lands" and everybody sings a song. disposable paper cup
Series 2: Green Balloon Scrapbook (2010) food sealers
In 2010, a new series of 15 episodes entitled "Green Balloon Scrapbook" was produced which showed "what the Green Team get up to when they're not in the Green Balloon. Different members of the team check their computers to find out what the others are doing" printed disposable cups
Cast
Isabella Blake-Thomas as Lily Rose
Jake Pratt as Jay (absent for one episode)
Debbie Korley as Sky
Adam Wells as Ant
Thai Murray-Edwards as Cat
Aliex Yuill as Jelly
Chris Howard as Himself
Bill Oddie as Himself (in The Green Balloon Club only)
Ellie-Jo Pratt as the voice of Skipper the dog (in Green Balloon Scrapbook only)
Episode list
Green Balloon Club
Episode
Original air date
Details
1
20 June 2008
Lily-Rose, Ant, Cat, Jay, Sky and Skipper the dog meet at the foot of the Green Balloon in a clubhouse, made from recycled bottles and boxes.
2
27 June 2008
The kids find out about animals under the water.
3
4 July 2008
The team find out about fruit and dragonflies and travel over the Scottish Highlands to find out what wildlife lives there.
4
11 July 2008
The gang are on a bug hunt and Jelly is visiting the Isles of Scilly.
5
18 July 2008
Lily-Rose plants some nastertiums and find out about the night-time creatures with Cat.
6
25 July 2008
The team go to the coast to find out about the wildlife living there.
7
1 August 2008
Ant brings a very special visitor to the club.
8
8 August 2008
The balloon travels over heathland and the children look out for wildlife.
9
15 August 2008
The team discover a forest of flowers and the ground crew learn how to do a buzzy bee boogie.
10
22 August 2008
The balloon is flying over the coast and the team explore under the sea.
11
29 August 2008
The team discover how sweet lavender is, what a rat's skull looks like and Nature Chris is being put through an army assault course.
12
5 September 2008
The Green Team use all their senses to explore the world around them.
13
12 September 2008
Jelly sends in her special report as she finds out what it is like to hug a tree. Jay and Ant will be showing us how tricky it is building a nest and Cat and Lily-Rose will be making paper cup squirrels.
14
19 September 2008
The Green Team are finding out about life on the waterways and Cat finds out about water voles. Jelly is spotting her very first Jay in Bill's garden.
15
26 September 2008
The balloon is heading to a mud festival in Wales and the green team are having lots of messy fun with compost and clay.
16
3 October 2008
Jelly meets up with Green Balloon Club members Louie and Stanley for a trip on a canal boat and look at the wildlife along the banks.
17
10 October 2008
The Green Team have a special visitor with them in the balloon. Basil the kitten has come to Balloon Club with Cat, and the team look at how he is like his larger African cousins.
18
17 October 2008
Today Jelly is harvesting apples in an orchard while Lily-Rose and Ant are starting a planting experiment to see if they can grow an apple tree. Cat and Jay are finding out about deer with the help of Green Balloon Club members Melina and Naureen.
19
24 October 2008
The Green Team find out about owls and Club Members Ellie, Jodie and Erin meet a tawny owl. The Ground Crew check out what wildlife can be found on the seashore at this time of year and even try a bit of snorkelling.
20 (Halloween Special)
31 October 2008
It is Halloween and there are some spooky goings-on in the Green Balloon. Jelly visits Bill to see if her pumpkin has grown big enough to become a lantern, and looks for bugs in Bill's garden. Cat finds out about bats and asks why people find them scary. Also, the Green Team take on the challenge of the Tower of Flour.
21
7 November 2008
As part of the Autumnwatch season Green Balloon Club team are having a good look at Autumn - how the leaves change colour and whether it is possible to preserve their lovely shades. Jelly pays a visit to Bill Oddie and finds out what's happening in his bird boxes at this time of year. Many birds migrate now, but Jay and the Ground Crew have a look at the ones that stay at home and find out how experts research their lives.
22
14 November 2008
This week the Green Team are going wild about woods. Green Balloon Club member Ralf is reporting from a woodland event, finding out what fun can be had in your local wood.
23
21 November 2008
The Green Team are learning about hibernation and Jay is finding out if birds hibernate. Ant looks at hibernating insects and makes a bug box for minibeasts to sleep in over the winter. Lily-Rose is looking at how her seeds do in winter, while Cat finds the champion hibernator of them all - the dormouse.
24
28 November 2008
The Green Team marvel at just how athletic some creatures are. Green Balloon Club members from Cardiff show us what brilliant jumpers their local salmon are whilst the balloon is visited by a very athletic little friend: Georgina the ferret.
25
5 December 2008
The Green Team are starting to think about Christmas. They have an idea for making mini Christmas trees and Cat finds out about Pine Martens. Green Balloon Club members Josh, Oscar, Henry and Ben file a special report on winter vegetables, while the Ground Crew set out in search of badgers. We finally really get in the Christmas mood with our new song Whatever's Good at Christmas, featuring Bill Oddie and Jelly alongside the Green Team.
26
12 December 2008
Christmas is getting near and Sky has bought a Christmas tree for the Green Balloon. May and Alfie send in a report on choosing their Christmas tree too and the Green Team set about making decorations - festive snowflakes for the tree. Green Balloon club members Jorge and Zoe are lucky enough to meet some reindeer and send in a special report whilst Antoinne and Chantel set a seasonal spot to look out for this week. Bill Oddie, Jelly, Nature Chris and a host of children and animals join the Green Team for the fantastic Green Balloon Christmas song, Whatever's good at Christmas.
27 (Christmas Special)
19 December 2008
Christmas is almost here and the Green Team are thinking about presents. They receive a beautiful book, The Story of Christmas, and within its pages see the story of the Nativity told by the animals. Children from Hillhouse Primary school team up with Nature Chris and the animals from Lee Valley Farm to bring us the story. Back in the balloon the team look at the Christmas presents they could provide for their local wildlife and make a beautiful star for the Christmas tree. After a seasonal spot, the team join up with Bill Oddie, Jelly, the Nativity cast, Bollywood dancers, Irish dancers and break dancers in the Green Balloon's Christmas song, Whatever's good at Christmas. NOTE There was a two week break between this episode and the next, due to the cast going on Christmas holidays.
28
9 January 2009
The Green Team are all together again and full of wishes for the New Year. Jelly and her friends find out how to recycle your Christmas tree, whilst Green Balloon Club members, Alice, Oscar and Rory, are having fun in the snow. Cat and Skipper are finding out about squirrels and Ant and Lily-Rose make a New Year collage showing all the wildlife they hope to spot this year. NOTE Jake Pratt was absent for this episode for unknown reasons.
29
16 January 2009
It is January and Lily-Rose is feeling fed up with the Winter. Her flowers have died and there is no wildlife around to spot. The Green Team set about showing her that there is still plenty to do and see in the winter.
30
23 January 2009
The Green Balloon Club have a good look at the birds in the winter garden. Cat and Lily-Rose are making comical dancing birds and we have a close look at stoats who are also great movers. Green Balloon Club members Amy and Ellie set another widespread bird as this week's spot and finally the whole team imagine what it would be like to go flying South like a migrating bird.
31
30 January 2009
It is panto time in the Green Balloon. Join the Green Team as they tell the story of Lily-Rose Riding Hood and the Big Bad Wolves. Green Balloon Club member Andrew shows us how to plant a tree and Bill Oddie introduces Jelly to some of the creatures that visit his garden.
32
6 February 2009
It is panto time in the Green Balloon. The Green Team learn how bread is made. Jelly files a special report from a flour mill and the team try their hand at making bread hedgehogs. Cat is finding out about real hedghogs while Green Balloon Club members from the Lee Valley are looking for winter wildfowl and set us a seasonal spot.
33
13 February 2009
The first signs of Spring are starting to appear and birds are looking for places to build their nests and start a family. Jake is putting up a new home for his robins and introduces us to a family of blue tits. The Green Team have a look at the different homes that animals live in whilst Jelly visits some children in West Sussex who are making a wormery.
34
20 February 2009
Lily-Rose has lost her first tooth and she brings it in to show the Green Team. So Ant in turn shows her his collection of animal teeth and they look at what jobs the different kinds of teeth do. Jelly and Bill set up a fantastic experiment to see if they can see a snail's teeth. Green Balloon Club members Ellie and Tilly find some beautiful garden birds - but not the sort you usually find in your back garden. NOTE Jake Pratt's sisters Ellie-Jo and Tilly made an appearance on this episode as Green Balloon Club members.
35
27 February 2009
The team are joined by Nature Chris and are having a weather day. They discover different ways of making rainbows and have a look at one of Britain's most brightly-coloured birds. Green Balloon Club members Megan and Ellie are out in the snow showing us how a hedge is planted, whilst Jelly and her friends are down on the farm to meet some racing pigs.
36
6 March 2009
The Green Team wonder when Skipper's birthday is, because she is a rescue dog and Cat does not know exactly when she was born. There is no time like the present, so the Team decide it is the perfect day to celebrate Skipper's birthday. Jelly and her friends visit the Dogs' Trust and find out about rescue dogs whilst Green Balloon Club Members Aaron, Alia, Lillas and Kyle report on the daffodils which have come into bloom where they live.
37
13 March 2009
The Green Team are finding out about creatures that communicate using vibrations. Green Balloon Club members Lukasz, Tabitha and Xavier are on the trail of a greater spotted woodpecker, whilst Jelly and her friends head to Scotland to go dolphin spotting. The Green team find out about how spiders use their webs and even make a communication system of their own.
38
30 March 2009
Spring is on the way. Ant has found his first ladybird of the year; it looks as if they are coming out of hibernation. Lily-Rose's hyacinth has bloomed and Green Balloon Club members Malikah, Centaine and Zahra are finding first buds and shoots where they live. Sky starts off a bean seed experiment whilst Jelly is visiting some friends who are working in a kitchen garden
39
27 March 2009
The Green Team are finding out about the life cycle. Ant has brought in some pupas that he is watching, hoping that they will soon hatch into butterflies. Green Balloon Club members Maisie, Christopher and Jada have found some frogspawn in their local pond, whilst Jelly and her friends are checking out the bird life on the estuary and Jay is finding out about puffins.
40
3 April 2009
The Green Team are going tracking. Every creature makes a different print, but can they recognise them? Green Balloon Club members Joanne, Jack, Jonathan and Niamh are on the East Anglian coast looking for a beautiful bird called an Oyster Catcher. The Ground Crew set off on a tracking mission too and find something quite a bit larger. Cat finds out about Hares, whilst Lily-Rose and Ant make a peacock using their own prints.
41
10 April 2009
Lily-Rose, Ant, Cat, Jay, Sky and Skipper the dog travel Great Britain in a green hot air balloon. The team have some very special visitors in the balloon: a pair of baby rabbits. Jelly and her friends set off to a city farm to discover what baby animals they have there, and at the same time get involved with some pig racing. Green Balloon Club members Ben, Elliot, Macey and Benjamin are planting some bulbs ready for summer whilst Lily-Rose is getting very excited about planting some vegetable seeds and growing her own dinner.
42
17 April 2009
The Green Team are joining the BBC's Dig In Campaign - time for some spring vegetable planting. Lily-Rose has a lovely new windowbox which she plants with carrots, beetroots, red lettuce and butternut squash, at the same time planting tomato seeds in a propagator. Ant and Cat think of a clever way to make seed markers from polystyrene food trays.
43
24 April 2009
Cat has brought a great toy farm to Club and the Green Team find out about baby farm animals. Green Balloon Club members Eddie, Joe and Bethany head off to a farm to find some baby animals and report back on them. Nature Chris has an amazing surprise for everyone - he's brought in an incubator. Could it be that a chick will hatch before their eyes? Jelly is visiting the Isles of Scilly and looking for seals - perhaps she will find a baby seal?
44
1 May 2009
The Green Team are amazed by just how fast things can grow. Green Balloon Club members Lydia, Thomas, Edward and Kimberley report on the beautiful bluebells in their local wood. The Ground Crew is up very early to listen to the dawn chorus. Jay and Cat find out how to replant their runner beans and kidney beans into larger pots as they have grown so much, whilst Lily-Rose and Ant find some clever ways of printing a vegetable garden
45
8 May 2009
Ant brings in in his prize model of a stag beetle and the team find out about Britain's biggest insect, sadly under threat. Green Balloon Club members Robert, Alexia and Joshua report on what they are doing to help build homes for stag beetles. Jelly visits Bill Oddie and they go on a bug hunt to see what they can discover in his garden.
46
15 May 2009
The Green Team have built a fantastic den inside the Green Balloon and are thinking about animals that live in dens and under the ground. Green Balloon Club members, Jazmin and Pandora, report on a family of foxes that have made a den in their Auntie's garden, whilst Jelly has her very own den made specially for her at a Forest School. Lily-Rose and Ant make beautiful butterflies to decorate their den and Club Members Alex and Rebecca set this week's spot which should be appearing in a tree near you right now.
47
22 May 2009
The Green Team make their own nature worlds, and Cat and Ant make an ocean in a box. Jelly visits friends in the Scilly Isles and goes rockpooling. Also, Green Balloon Club member Harry visits his grandad's animal rescue centre and meets some tiny baby birds. Also, club members Rebecca and Christopher set the Spot of the Week.
48 (Season Finale)
29 May 2009
The Green Team think about the four seasons and try to decide which is best. Could it be spring as it's full of new things? Could it be summer because it is such fun? Could it be autumn because it is so beautiful? Or perhaps it's winter because it's so exciting? Green Balloon Club member Nansi shows the flowers and birds around Cardiff cathedral, while Jack and Dhunya set a special spot of the week.
Green Balloon Scrapbook
Episode
Original air date
Details
1
13 January 2010
Skipper heads off on an adventure where she meets a monkey gang from South Africa.
2
20 January 2010
Skipper heads off on an adventure with a parrot party in the South American rainforest.
3
27 January 2010
Jelly is on a camping trip with some friends in Wales.
4
3 February 2010
Skipper heads off to the jungle where she meets a bird who can make the most amazing sounds.
5
10 February 2010
Ant is making his Bug Files at his local Tropical House.
6
17 February 2010
Jelly reports from the Welsh coast where she meets a surfing family.
7
24 February 2010
Skipper is off on an African adventure, where she meets a lot of water-loving hippos.
8
3 March 2010 (tbc)
(tbc) Skipper heads underwater where she encounters a giant octopus.
9
10 March 2010 (tbc)
(tbc)
10
17 March 2010 (tbc)
(tbc)
11
24 March 2010 (tbc)
(tbc)
12
31 March 2010 (tbc)
(tbc)
13
7 April 2010 (tbc)
(tbc)
14
14 April 2010 (tbc)
(tbc)
15
21 April 2010 (tbc)
(tbc)
References
^ "Green Balloon Club". CBeebies. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/greenballoonclub/. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
^ Tara Conlan (14 April 2008). "CBeebies to broadcast eco season". http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/apr/14/bbc.television. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
^ "Green Balloon Scrapbook". CBeebies. BBC. January 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00q2wym. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
Categories: BBC children's television programmes | 2008 television series debuts | 2000s British television series
Tuesday, May 4, 2010
Green Balloon Club
Rolo
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www.nestle.co.uk/AboutNestle/TheNestleStory/HistoryOfRowntree/
^ http://www.adultswim.com/video/?episodeID=0173a45a501b2fba159e5bd7b0050890
^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOD7J8NVRgw cd duplicator
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Corporate directors
Gnter Blobel Peter Brabeck-Letmathe Nobuyuki Idei Henri Nestl Kaspar Villiger
Brands
Bottled water
Aquapod Aquarel Arrowhead Contrex Dear Park Ice Mountain Ozarka Panna Perrier Poland Spring Pure Life San Pellegrino Vittel Zephyrhills
Baby Foods
Cerelac Gerber (Gerber Life) Nido
Candies and Sweets
100 Grand Bar Abuelita Aero After Eight Baby Ruth Bertie Beetle Big Turk Bit-O-Honey Breakaway Butterfinger Cailler Caramac Chico babies Chokito Chunky Coffee Crisp Crunch Goobers Jelly Tots Kit Kat2 (not USA) Lion Bar Mackintosh's Toffee Matchmakers Menier Chocolate Milkybar Mirage Munchies Nestle Fav*rites Oh Henry!2 (not Canada) Orion Peppermint Crisp Perugina Quality Street Raisinets Rolo2 (not USA) Rowntree's Rowntree's Fruit Gums Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles Smarties Sin Parar Sno-Caps Spree Svitoch Toffee Crisp Toll House Violet Crumble Walnut Whip The Willy Wonka Candy Company Yorkie
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1 Brand owned by General Mills. 2 Local production rights owned by The Hershey Company. 3 Local rights and specific trade dress owned by Nestl, but not worldwide.
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Nestl boycott International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes
Annual revenue 109,9 billion CHF (16% profit) (2008) Employees 283,000 Stock symbol SIX: NESN OTCBB: NSRGY Website nestle.com
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Confectionery products of The Hershey Company
Italics indicates discontinued products.
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5th Avenue Almond Joy Bar None Cadbury Creme Egg2 Cadbury Dairy Milk2 Cherry Blossom Dagoba Glosette Heath bar Hershey bar Hershey's Kisses Hershey's Kissables Hershey's Miniatures Hershey's S'mores Hershey's Special Dark Kit Kat2 Krackel Milk Duds Mini Eggs2 Mounds Mr. Goodbar NutRageous Oh Henry!1 Rolo2 Reese's Fast Break Reese's Peanut Butter Cups Reese's Pieces ReeseSticks Scharffen Berger Skor Snack Barz Swoops Take 5 (Max 5) Whatchamacallit Whoppers York Peppermint Pattie
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Hershey's also manufactures Cadbury-branded products in the United States and military chocolate for the U.S. armed forces.
1 Marketed in both the United States and Canada, but only sold as a Hershey's product within Canada.
2 Marketed in a number of countries, but only sold as a Hershey's product within the United States.
Categories: Nestl brands | Hershey brands | British snack foods | 1938 introductionsHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from July 2008 | All articles needing additional references
Hydraulic analogy
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Basic ideas
There are two basic paradigms:
Version with pressure induced by gravity. Large tanks of water that are held up high, and the potential energy of the water head is the pressure source. This is reminiscent of electrical diagrams with an up arrow pointing to +V, grounded pins that otherwise are not shown connecting to anything, and so on. fredricks of
Completely enclosed version with pumps providing pressure only; no gravity. This is reminiscent of a circuit diagram with a voltage source shown and the wires actually completing a circuit. water distillers
Applications: Flow and pressure variables can be calculated in fluid flow network with the use of the hydraulic ohm analogy. The method can be applied to both steady and transient flow situations. water distiller
Component equivalents
A simple pipe.
Wires
A relatively wide pipe completely filled with water is equivalent to a piece of wire. When comparing to a piece of wire, the pipe should be thought of as having semi-permanent caps on the ends. Connecting one end of a wire to a circuit is equivalent to forcibly un-capping one end of the pipe and attaching it to another pipe. With few exceptions (such as a high-voltage power source), a wire with only one end attached to a circuit will do nothing; the pipe remains capped on the free end, and thus adds nothing to the circuit.
Electric potential
Equivalent to pressure.
Voltage
Also called potential difference. A difference in pressure between two points. Usually measured in volts.
Current
Equivalent to a hydraulic volume flow rate; that is, the volumetric quantity of flowing water over time. Usually measured in amperes.
Ideal voltage source
A dynamic pump. A pressure meter on both sides shows that when this kind of pump is driven at a constant speed, the difference in pressure stays constant.
Ideal current source
A positive displacement pump. A current meter (little paddle wheel) shows that when this kind of pump is driven at a constant speed, it maintains a constant speed of the little paddle wheel.
A simple pipe with a constricted region.
Resistor
A constriction in the bore of the pipe which requires more pressure to pass the same amount of water. All pipes have some resistance to flow, just like all wires have some resistance to current.
A simple one-way ball-type check valve, in its "open" state.
Diode
Equivalent to a one-way check valve with a slightly leaky valve seat. Like a diode, too much reverse bias can damage or destroy the valve assembly.
A flexible-sided rubberized tank with diaphragm.
Capacitor
A small rubber tank or thick-walled balloon with one hole at each end and a rubber sheet dividing the tank in two lengthwise. In the case of a polarized capacitor, a leaky valve is contained in each end, one positioned to let water in, the other to let water out. The amount the valve leaks is roughly equivalent to how loosely polarized the capacitor is.
Inductor
A heavy paddle wheel placed in the current. The mass of the wheel and the size of the blades restrict the water's ability to rapidly change its rate of flow (current) through the wheel due to the effects of inertia, but, given time, a constant flowing stream will pass mostly unimpeded through the wheel, as it turns at the same speed as the water flow. The mass and surface area of the wheel and its blades is analogous to inductance, and friction between its axle and the axle bearings correspond to the resistance that accompanies any real inductor.
An alternative Inductor model is simply a long pipe; this device is used in real life as an essential component of a hydraulic ram. The inertia of the water flowing through the pipe produces the inductance effect. The drag imposed by the walls of the pipe is somewhat analogous to parasitic resistance.
A pressure-actuated valve combined with a one-way check valve.
Transistor
A valve in which a diaphragm controlled by a low-current signal (either constant current BJT, or constant pressure FET) moves a plunger which affects the current through another section of pipe.
CMOS
A combination of two MOSFET transistors. As the input pressure changes, the pistons allow the output to connect to either zero or positive pressure.
Memristor
A needle valve operated by a flow meter. As water flows through in the forward direction, the needle valve restricts flow more; as water flows the other direction, the needle valve opens further providing less resistance.
Like a one-way check valve, a diode blocks current that flows the wrong way. Current that flows the right way goes through almost unchanged.
A simple A/C circuit consisting of an oscillating pump, a "diode" valve, and a "capacitor" tank. Any kind of motor could be used here to drive the pump, as long as it oscillates.
Principle equivalents
EM wave speed (velocity of propagation)
Speed of sound in water. When a light switch is flipped, the electric wave travels very quickly through the wires.
Charge flow speed
Particle speed of water. The moving charges themselves move rather slowly.
DC
Constant flow of water in a circuit of pipe
Low frequency AC
Water oscillating back and forth in a pipe
Higher-frequency AC and transmission lines
Sound being transmitted through the water pipes
Inductive spark
Used in induction coils, similar to water hammer, caused by the inertia of water
See also Bond graph.
Equation examples
Some examples of equivalent electrical and hydraulic equations:
type
hydraulic
electric
thermal
quantity
volume V [m3]
charge q [C]
heat Q [J]
potential
pressure p [Pa=J/m3]
potential [V=J/C]
temperature T [K=J/kB]
flux
current V [m3/s]
current I [A=C/s]
heat transfer rate [J/s]
flux density
velocity v [m/s]
current density j [C/(m2s) = A/m]
heat flux [W/m2]
linear model
Poiseuille's law
Ohm's law
Fourier's law
Limits to the analogy
If taken too far, the water analogy can create misconceptions. For it to be useful, we must remain aware of the regions where electricity and water behave very differently.
Fields
Electrons can push or pull other distant electrons via their fields, while water molecules experience forces only from direct contact with other molecules. For this reason, waves in water travel at the speed of sound, but waves in a sea of charge will travel much faster as the forces from one electron are applied to many distant electrons and not to only the neighbors in direct contact. In a hydraulic transmission line, the energy flows as mechanical waves through the water, but in an electric transmission line the energy flows as fields in the space surrounding the wires, and does not flow inside the metal. Also, an accelerating electron will drag its neighbors along while attracting them, both because of magnetic forces.
Charge
Unlike water, electric charge can be positive or negative. The charge carriers in electric currents are usually electrons, but sometimes they are positively charged particles.
Leaking pipes
If a hole is made in a hydraulic system, the water can leak out. But the movable charges present within electrical conductors are always attracted to unmoving opposite charges in the material. The "electric fluid" can be forcibly removed from metals, but enormous voltages arise if even a tiny amount is removed. For this reason, the surfaces of conductors act as if they always have a high energy-barrier preventing leaks. Also for this reason, continuing electric currents require closed loops rather than hydraulics' open source/sink resembling spigots and buckets.
Fluid Velocity
As with water hoses, the carrier drift velocity in conductors is directly proportional to current. However, charges' velocity within a conductor is typically less than centimeters per minute, and the "electrical friction" is extremely high. If charges ever flowed as fast as water can flow in pipes, the amperage would be immense, and the conductors would become incandescently hot and perhaps vaporize. To model the resistance and the charge-velocity of metals, perhaps a very narrow straw would be a better analogy than a typically sized pipe.
Quantum Mechanics
Conductors and insulators contain charges at more than one quantized level of atomic orbit energy, while the water in one region of a pipe can only have a single value of pressure. For this reason there is no hydraulic explanation for such things as a battery's charge pumping ability, a diode's voltage drop, solar cell functions, Peltier effect, etc, however equivalent devices can be designed which exhibit similar responses, although some of the mechanisms would only serve to regulate the flow curves rather than to contribute to the component's primary function.
Notes
^ A. Akers, M. Gassman, & R. Smith, Hydraulic Power System Analysis. Taylor & Francis, New York, 2006, Chapter 13, ISBN 0-8247-9956-9.
^ A. Esposito, "A Simplified Method for Analyzing Circuits by Analogy". Machine Design, October 1969, pp. 173-177.
^ http://amasci.com/emotor/cap1.html
See also
Fluidics
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hydraulic analogy
Good analogy
Hyperphysics
Hyperphysics 2 Doesn't have the confusing reservoir.
With animations! The paddle behaves like a resistor if the paddle itself is massless and has friction, and like an inductor if it is frictionless and has mass. Also has equivalent equations.
Ohm's law
Capacitor analogy
Newsgroup thread with lots of good analogies and a few bad ones
Acceptable analogy
Understanding Electricity an analogy with water
Water analogy to transistors Slightly better version would be something like an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve
Basic circuit theory
Measuring electricity
Plumbing analogy
Animation
Categories: Electronics and society | Electronics terms
Hydroxymethylfurfural
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Production
Related to the production of furfural, HMF can be produced from sugars. It arises via the dehydration of fructose, a technology that is evolving through new extraction methods. In this new method, fructose is treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid and the HMF (very water-soluble) is continuously extracted into methyl isobutyl ketone as an organic phase at 180 C. The aqueous phase is modified with DMSO and PVP, which minimizes the formation of side product. The organic phase is modified with 2-butanol in order to improve the yield of HMF in the organic phase. In an optimized system for fructose (but not raw biomass), conversion is 77%, with half the HMF ending up in the organic phase. Removing the (high boiling) solvents remains an issue.
In the image above are displayed in a series of chemical equilibria: fructopyranose 1, fructofuranose 2, two intermediate stages of dehydration (not isolated) 3,4 and finally HMF 5. stool softener
In June 2007, researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory reported a process (using chromium chloride as catalyst) to directly convert both fructose (yielding 90%+) and glucose (yielding 70%+) into an HMF, leaving very little residual impurities. In April 2009, a single-step process for converting cellulose directly into HMF (yielding 55% at 96% purity) was outlined by researchers from the same laboratory. The chromium chloride catalyzes the conversion of glucose into fructose. krill oil
Uses agave nectar
HMF can be converted to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), which is a liquid biofuel that in certain ways is superior to ethanol. Oxidation of HMF also gives 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, which has been proposed as a replacement terephthalic acid for the production of plastics.
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5HMF) has been found to bind specifically with intracellular sickle hemoglobin (HbS). Preliminary in vivo studies using transgenic sickle mice showed that orally administered 5HMF inhibits the formation of sickled cells in the blood.
As a contaminant
HMF can form in honey and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) when heated. This is a problem for American beekeepers because they use HFCS as a source of sugar when there are not enough nectar sources to feed the honeybees, and HMF is toxic to them. Adding bases such as soda ash or potash to neutralize the HFCS slows down the formation of HMF.
History
This organic compound was studied by French chemist Louis Maillard in 1912 in studies on non-enzymatic reactions of glucose.
References
^ Huber, G. W.; Iborra, S.; Corma, A. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 4044 - 4098. doi:10.1021/cr068360d
^ MIT Technology Review
^ terradaily.com News Article
^ Yuriy Romn-Leshkov, Juben N. Chheda, James A. Dumesic (2006). "Phase Modifiers Promote Efficient Production of Hydroxymethylfurfural from Fructose". Science 312 (5782): 19331937. doi:10.1126/science.1126337. PMID 16809536.
^ Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (2007-06-14). "Plastic that grows on trees". Press release. http://www.pnl.gov/news/release.asp?id=255.
^ Haibo Zhao, Johnathan E. Holladay, Heather Brown, Z. Conrad Zhang (2007). "Metal Chlorides in Ionic Liquid Solvents Convert Sugars to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural". Science 316 (5782): 15971600. doi:10.1126/science.1141199. PMID 17569858.
^ ScienceDirect
^ Antisickling activityPMID : 15686467
^ Leblanc et al. Formation of Hydroxymethylfurfural in Domestic High-Fructose Corn Syrup and Its Toxicity to the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera). J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57 (16), pp 73697376. DOI: 10.1021/jf9014526
Categories: Aldehydes | Furans
Thirty Seconds Over Winterland
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Flying Toasters lawsuits
In 1989, software company Berkeley Systems released its immensely popular After Dark screensaver. The best-known of the various screensaver options was Flying Toasters, whose winged appliances strongly resembled the toasters on the cover of Thirty Seconds Over Winterland. When another software company, Delrina, copied the trademarked Flying Toasters artwork into a competing screen saver, a Bloom County-themed version, Berkeley successfully sued Delrina for trademark infringement. Although much of the media and public bought into Delrina's well-prepared PR campaign spin that they were merely "parodying" the product...the judge did not see it that way.
Shortly after this, Jefferson Airplane sued Berkeley for copying their flying toasters trademark for their album. The band's case, however, was lost because Berkeley claimed no prior knowledge of the artwork and a judge noted the band had failed to trademark the cover art. nursery decoration
Track listing stocking holders
Track times from original Vinyl release. advent wreath
Side one
#
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1.
"Have You Seen the Saucers?" (recorded September 21 at Winterland)
Paul Kantner
4:15
2.
"Feel So Good" (recorded September 22 at Winterland)
Jorma Kaukonen
11:10
3.
"Crown of Creation" (recorded August 25 at Chicago Auditorium)
Kantner
4:05
Side two
#
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1.
"When the Earth Moves Again" (recorded August 25 at Chicago Auditorium)
Kantner
4:05
2.
"Milk Train" (recorded August 25 at Chicago Auditorium)
Grace Slick, Papa John Creach, Roger Spotts
3:57
3.
"Trial by Fire" (recorded August 24 at Chicago Auditorium)
Kaukonen
5:00
4.
"Twilight Double Leader" (recorded September 21 at Winterland)
Kantner
5:41
Personnel
Personnel credits from original Vinyl release.
Jack Casady bass
Paul Kantner vocals, rhythm guitar
Jorma Kaukonen lead guitar, vocals
Grace Slick vocals
Papa John Creach electric violin
John Barbata drums, percussion
David Freiberg vocals
Production
Produced and arranged by Jefferson Airplane
Pat "Maurice" Ieraci production coordinator
Don Gooch recording engineer
Mallory "Mallory" Earl mixing engineer
Recorded by Wally Heider's remote unit
Mixed at Wally Heider Studios, San Francisco
Bruce Steinberg album design, illustration, photography
Randy Tuten inner sleeve art: photo frames
Greg Irons inner sleeve art: "Gruntman"
Heavy Water Lights (Joan Chase, Mary Ann Mayer, and John Hardham) light show
Acy Lehman art coordination
Charts
Album
Year
Chart
Position
1973
Billboard Pop Albums
52
Notes
^ "Another Poppin' Fresh Lawsuit", Wired, October 1994
^ a b (1973) Album notes for Thirty Seconds Over Winterland by Jefferson Airplane [Vinyl back]. New York City: RCA (BFL1-0147).
v d e
Jefferson Airplane
Marty Balin Grace Slick Paul Kantner Jorma Kaukonen Jack Casady Spencer Dryden
Jerry Peloquin Bob Harvey Signe Anderson Skip Spence Joey Covington John Barbata David Freiberg Papa John Creach
Studio albums
Jefferson Airplane Takes Off Surrealistic Pillow After Bathing at Baxter's Crown of Creation Volunteers Bark Long John Silver Jefferson Airplane
Live albums
Bless Its Pointed Little Head Thirty Seconds Over Winterland
Historical live albums
Live at the Fillmore East Sweeping Up the Spotlight The Woodstock Experience
Authorized bootlegs
Live at the Monterey Festival At Golden Gate Park Last Flight At the Family Dog Ballroom
Compilations
The Worst of Jefferson Airplane Early Flight Flight Log 2400 Fulton Street Jefferson Airplane Loves You
Singles
"It's No Secret" "Come Up the Years" "Bringing Me Down" "My Best Friend" "Somebody to Love" "White Rabbit" "The Ballad of You & Me & Pooneil" "Watch Her Ride" "Greasy Heart" "Crown of Creation" "Plastic Fantastic Lover (live)" "Volunteers" "Mexico" "Pretty as You Feel" "Long John Silver" "Twilight Double Leader" "Summer of Love" "Planes" "True Love"
Filmography
Monterey Pop Gimme Shelter Go Ride the Music One A. M. Woodstock (director's cut only) * Fly Jefferson Airplane (2004 DVD)
Related articles
Discography Jefferson Starship Hot Tuna KBC Band Planet Earth Rock and Roll Orchestra Grunt Records "Wooden Ships" "Lather" "Today" "Chauffeur Blues" "Embryonic Journey"
Categories: 1969 albums | Jefferson Airplane albums | Live albums | Psychedelic rock albums
Monday, May 3, 2010
HTC Magician
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www.theregister.co.uk/2005/02/08/review_htc_magician/.
^ Teo, Melvin (10 November 2005). "O2 Xda II mini" (in English). CNET Asia. CBS Interactive. http://asia.cnet.com/reviews/mobilephones/0,39051199,39080441p,00.htm. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
External links motorola bluetooth hs850
HTC Magician at XDA-Developers Wiki e2c
v d e hs850
Categories: Telecommunications stubs | HTC Corporation mobile phones | 2005 introductions | Windows Mobile Professional devices
Indian cuisine
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History and influences
As a land that has experienced extensive immigration and intermingling through many millennia, India's cuisine has benefited from numerous food influences. The diverse climate in the region, ranging from deep tropical to alpine, has also helped considerably broaden the set of ingredients readily available to the many schools of cookery in India. In many cases, food has become a marker of religious and social identity, with varying taboos and preferences (for instance, a segment of the Jain population will not consume any roots or subterranean vegetables; see Jain vegetarianism). One strong influence over Indian foods is the longstanding vegetarianism within sections of India's Hindu, Buddhist and Jain communities. People who follow a strict vegetarian diet make up 2042% of the population in India, while less than 30% are regular meat-eaters.
Masala dosa served in a restaurant in southern India. Indian cuisine is characterized by the widespread practice of vegetarianism across India's populace. divan beds
Around 7,000 BC, sesame, eggplant, and humped cattle had been domesticated in the Indus Valley. By 3000 BC, turmeric, cardamom, black pepper and mustard were harvested in India. Many recipes first emerged during the initial Vedic period, when India was still heavily forested and agriculture was complemented with game hunting and forest produce. In Vedic times, a normal diet consisted of fruit, vegetables, meat, grain, dairy products and honey. Over time, some segments of the population embraced vegetarianism, due to the ancient Hindu philosophy of ahimsa. This practice gained more popularity due to a cooperative climate where a variety of fruits, vegetables, and grains could easily be grown throughout the year. Buddhism, among several other beliefs and practices borrowed vegetarianism from Hinduism to embrace Ahimsa. A food classification system that categorised any item as sattva, rajas or tamas developed in Ayurveda. Each was deemed to have a powerful effect on the body and the mind. wicker chair
Later, invasions from Central Asia, Arabia, the Mughal empire,Persia, and elsewhere had a deep and fundamental effect on Indian cooking. Influence from traders such as the Arab and Portuguese diversified subcontinental tastes and meals. As with other cuisines, Indian cuisine has absorbed New World vegetables such as tomato, chilli, and potato, as staples. These are actually relatively recent additions. furniture resin wicker
Islamic rule introduced rich gravies, pilafs and non-vegetarian fare such as kebabs, resulting in Mughlai cuisine (Mughal in origin), as well as such fruits as apricots, melons, peaches, and plums. The Mughals were great patrons of cooking. Lavish dishes were prepared during the reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan. The Nizams of Hyderabad state meanwhile developed and perfected their own style of cooking with the most notable dish being the Biryani.
During this period the Portuguese and British introduced foods from the New World such as potatoes, tomatoes, squash, and chilies as well as cooking techniques like baking.
Elements
A typical assortment of spices and herbs used in Indian cuisine
The staples of Indian cuisine are rice, atta (whole wheat flour), and a variety of pulses, the most important of which are masoor (most often red lentil), chana (bengal gram), toor (pigeon pea or yellow gram), urad (black gram) and mung (green gram). Pulses may be used whole, dehusked, for example dhuli moong or dhuli urad, or split. Pulses are used extensively in the form of dal (split). Some of the pulses like chana and "Mung" are also processed into flour (besan).
Most Indian curries are cooked in vegetable oil. In North and West India, peanut oil has traditionally been most popular for cooking, while in Eastern India, mustard oil is more commonly used. In South India, coconut oil and Gingelly Oil is common. In recent decades, sunflower oil and soybean oil have gained popularity all over India. Hydrogenated vegetable oil, known as Vanaspati ghee, is also a popular cooking medium that replaces Desi ghee, clarified butter (the milk solids have been removed).
The most important/frequently used spices in Indian cuisine are chilli pepper, black mustard seed (rai), cumin (jeera), turmeric (haldi, manjal), fenugreek (methi), asafoetida (hing, perungayam), ginger (adrak, inji), coriander (dhania), and garlic (lassan, poondu). Popular spice mixes are garam masala, which is usually a powder of five or more dried spices, commonly including cardamom, cinnamon, and clove. Each region, and sometimes each individual chef, has a distinctive blend of garam masala. Goda masala is a popular sweet spice mix in Maharashtra. Some leaves are commonly used like tejpat (cassia leaf), coriander leaf, fenugreek leaf and mint leaf. The common use of curry leaves is typical of all South Indian cuisine. In sweet dishes, cardamom, saffron, nutmeg, and rose petal essences are seasoned.
Geographical varieties
Northern
See also: Punjabi cuisine, Mughlai cuisine, Cuisine of Kashmir, Awadhi cuisine, Cuisine of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthani cuisine, Bhojpuri cuisine, Bihari cuisine, and Sindhi cuisine
Punjabi cuisine - Starting from the left, Gobi Aloo, Seekh Kehbab, and Beef Karahi
North Indian cuisine is distinguished by the proportionally high use of dairy products; milk, using the "tawa" (griddle) for baking flat breads like roti and paratha, and kulcha, main courses like tandoori chicken also cook in the tandoor. Other breads like puri and bhatoora, which are deep fried in oil, are also common. Goat and lamb meats are favored ingredients of many northern Indian recipes.
The samosa is a popular North Indian snack, and now commonly found in other parts of India, Central Asia, North America, Britain, Africa and the Middle East. A common variety is filled with boiled, fried, or mashed potato. Other fillings include minced meat, cheese (paneer), mushroom (khumbi), and chick pea.
The staple food of most of North India is a variety of lentils, vegetables, and roti (wheat based bread). The varieties used and the method of preparation can vary from place to place. Popular snacks, side-dishes and drinks include pakoda, bhujiya, chaat, kachori, imarti, several types of pickles (known as achar), murabba, sharbat, aam panna and aam papad. Popular sweets are known as mithai (means sweetmeat in Hindi), such as gulab jamun, jalebi, peda, petha, rewadi, gajak, bal mithai, singori, kulfi, falooda, khaja, ras malai, gulkand, and several varieties of laddu, barfi and halwa.
Some common North Indian foods such as the various kebabs and most of the meat dishes originated with Muslims incursions into the country. Considering their shared historic and cultural heritage, Pakistani cuisine and North Indian cuisine are very similar.
Eastern
See also: Assamese cuisine, Bengali cuisine, and Oriya cuisine
Nollen Sandesh, a popular sweet from West Bengal, India.
East Indian cuisine is famous for its desserts[citation needed], especially sweets such as rasagolla, chumchum, sandesh, rasabali, chhena poda, chhena gaja, chhena jalebi and kheeri. Many of the sweet dishes now popular in Northern India initially originated in the Bengal and Orissa regions. Apart from sweets, East India cuisine offers delights of posta (poppy seeds).
Traditional cuisines of Orissa, Bengal, and Assam are delicately spiced. General ingredients used in Oriya, Bengali, and Assamese curries are mustard seeds, cumin seeds, nigella, green chillies, cumin paste and the spice mix panch phoron or panch phutana. Mustard paste, curd, nuts, poppy seed paste and cashew paste are preferably cooked in mustard oil. Curries are classified into bata (paste), bhaja (fries), chochchoree (less spicy vapourized curries) and jhol (thin spicy curries).These are eaten with plain boiled rice or ghonto (spiced rice). Traditional breakfasts includes pantabhat or pakhaal, as well as cereals such as puffed rice or pressed rice, in milk, often with fruits. The cuisine of Bangladesh is very similar to eastern Indian cuisine, particularly that of West Bengal. Fish and shellfish are commonly consumed in the eastern part of India. The popular vegetable dishes of Orissa are Dalma and Santula. The most popular vegetable dish of Bengal is Sukto. Deep fried, shallow fried and mashed vegetables are also very popular. As in southern India, rice is the staple grain in Eastern India too. A regular meal consists of lentils, a primary non vegetarian side dish usually made of fish and a few other secondary side dishes made of vegetables.
Southern
Main article: South Indian cuisine
Idlis with coconut chutney, a well-known dish from southern India
South Indian cuisine is distinguished by a greater emphasis on rice as the staple grain, the ubiquity of sambar and rasam (also called chaaru/saaru and rasam), a variety of pickles, and the liberal use of coconut and particularly coconut oil and curry leaves. Curries called Kozhambu are also popular and are typically vegetable stews cooked with spices, tamarind and other ingredients. The dosa, poori, idli, vada, bonda and bajji are typical South Indian favorites. These are generally consumed as part of breakfast. Other popular dishes include Kesaribath, Upma/Uppittu, Bisibele Bath, Rice Bath, Tomato Bath, Pongal, Poori & Saagu, Pulao, Puliyogarai and Thengai Sadham. Hyderabadi biryani, a popular type of biryani, reflects the diversity of south Indian cuisine. South Indian cuisine obtains its distinct flavours by the use of tamarind, coconut, lentils, and a variety of vegetables.Udupi cuisine is a popular cuisine of South India.
Andhra, Chettinad, Tamil, Hyderabadi, Mangalorean, and Kerala cuisines each have distinct tastes and methods of cooking . In fact each of the South Indian states has a different way of preparing sambar; a connoisseur of South Indian food will very easily tell the difference between sambar from Kerala, sambar from Tamil cuisine, Sambaru from Karnataka and pappu chaaru in Andhra cuisine. Some popular dishes include the Biriyani, Ghee Rice with meat curry, seafood (prawns, mussels, mackerel) and paper thin Pathiris from Malabar area.
Western
See also: Goan cuisine, Maharashtrian cuisine, Saraswat cuisine, and Gujarati cuisine
Ragada in a pani puri, a popular snack from Mumbai.
Western Indian cuisine has three major regions: Gujarati, Maharashtrian and Goan. Maharashtrian cuisine has mainly two sections defined by the geographical sections. The coastal regions, geographically similar to Goa depend more on rice, coconut, and fish. The hilly regions of the Western Ghats and Deccan plateau regions use groundnut in place of coconut and depend more on jowar (sorghum) and bajra (millet) as staples. On various special occasions sweets like pooran poli, shrikhand, modak etc. are prepared. Maharashtrian fast food includes one of the most popular dishes called Pav Bhaji. It is becoming popular in Indian restaurants all around the world. Saraswat cuisine forms an important part of coastal Konkani Indian cuisine. Gujarati cuisine is predominantly vegetarian. Many Gujarati dishes have a hint of sweetness due to use of sugar or brown sugar or gur (also called as jaggery). Goan cuisine is influenced by the Portuguese colonization of Goa.
A vegetarian thali. Gujarati cuisine offers a wide range of vegetarian delicacies because Hinduism, practiced by majority of Gujarat's populace, encourages vegetarian diet.
North Eastern
See also: Naga cuisine, Sikkimese cuisine, and Tripuri cuisine
Assamese cooking is chiefly based on fish and rice. In Arunachal Pradesh, people here generally take non-vegetarian diets. Apong is famous local Arunachali drink made from rice and millet. Uti (lentil cooked with edible soda for flavor), hawwai jar (fermented soya beans), otonga (fermented fish), and ngari (dried fish) are some of the most popular delicacies in Manipuri cuisine. Ushoi (fresh bamboo shoots) is a unique fermented Manipuri dish. There is a variety of boiled and fermented type of dishes in Manipuri culture, although there is good variety of fried dishes also. The iromba is another popular fermented dish made from fish, vegetables and bamboo shoots.
Jadoh a spicy dish of rice and pork is one of the most popular dishes in the Indian state of Meghalaya. Kyat, a local brew made from rice, is an integral part of most local Meghalayan celebrations. Zu is a popular tea-based drink from Meghalaya. Sikkimese specialties include the Tibetan thupka and momos.
Popularity and influence outside India
Chicken tikka, a well-known dish across the globe, reflects the amalgamation of Indian cooking styles with those from Central Asia
Indian cuisine is one of the most popular cuisines across the globe. The cuisine is popular not only among the large Indian diaspora but also among the mainstream population of North America and Europe. In 2003, there were as many as 10,000 restaurants serving Indian cuisine in England and Wales alone. A survey held in 2007 revealed that more than 1,200 Indian food products have been introduced in the United States since 2000. According to Britain's Food Standards Agency, the Indian food industry in the United Kingdom is worth 3.2 billion, accounts for two-thirds of all eating out and serves about 2.5 million British customers every week.
Butter Chicken, also known as Murgh Makhani, is a popular dish in Western countries and Arab world
Apart from Europe and North America, Indian cuisine is popular in South East Asia too because of its strong historical influence on the region's local cuisines. Indian cuisine has had considerable influence on Malaysian cooking styles and also enjoys strong popularity in Singapore. Indian influence on Malay cuisine dates back to 19-century. Other cuisines which borrow Indian cooking styles include Vietnamese cuisine, Indonesian cuisine and Thai cuisine. The spread of vegetarianism in other parts of Asia is often credited to ancient Indian Buddhist practices. Indian cuisine is also fairly popular in the Arab world because of its similarity and influence on Arab cuisine.
The popularity of curry, which originated in India, across Asia has often led to the dish being labeled as the "pan-Asian" dish. Curry's international appeal has also been compared to that of pizza. Though the tandoor did not originate in India, Indian tandoori dishes, such as chicken tikka made with Indian ingredients, enjoy widespread popularity. Historically, Indian spices and herbs were one of the most sought after trade commodities. The spice trade between India and Europe led to the rise and dominance of Arab traders to such an extent that European explorers, such as Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus, set out to find new trade routes with India leading to the Age of Discovery.
Beverages
While masala tea (left) is a staple beverage across India, Indian filter coffee (right) is especially popular in southern India
See also: Indian wine
Tea is a staple beverage throughout India; the finest varieties are grown in Darjeeling and Assam. It is generally prepared as masala chai, wherein the tea leaves are boiled in a mix of water, spices such as cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and ginger, and large quantities of milk to create a thick, sweet, milky concoction. Different varieties and flavors of tea are prepared to suit different tastes all over the country. Another popular beverage, coffee, is largely served in South India. One of the finest varieties of Coffea arabica is grown around Mysore, Karnataka, and is marketed under the trade name "Mysore Nuggets". Indian filter coffee, or kaapi, is also especially popular in South India. Other beverages include nimbu pani (lemonade), lassi, chaach, badam doodh (almond milk with nuts and cardamom), sharbat and coconut water. In Southern India there is a beverage served cold known as Panner Soda or Gholi Soda which is a mixture of carbonated water, rose water, and sugar. Another beverage from the South is rose milk, which is served cold.
India also has many indigenous alcoholic beverages, including palm wine, fenny and Indian beer. There's also bhang, prepared using cannabis, and typically consumed, especially in North India, during Holi and Vaisakhi. However the practice of drinking a specific beverage with a meal, or wine and food matching, is not traditional or common in India.
Although the above listed beverages are popular, people often prefer to consume drinking water with their food, because drinking water is considered to not overshadow the taste of the food. In fact it is customary to offer drinking water to guests before serving any hot or cold drinks.
Etiquette
In southern India, a well-rinsed banana leaf is used as a plate for hygiene purposes and its visual impact
Main article: Etiquette of Indian Dining
Several customs are associated with the manner of food consumption. Traditionally, meals are eaten while seated either on the floor or on very low stools or cushions. Food is most often eaten without cutlery, using instead the fingers of the right hand. Often roti ( general term for Indian flat breads) is used to scoop the curry without letting the curry touch the hands. Other etiquette include eating with one hand only preferably right hand and letting the food get to only the two phalanges of fingers.
Traditional serving styles vary from region to region in India. A universal aspect of presentation is the thali, a large plate with samplings of different regional dishes accompanied by raita, breads such as naan, puri, or roti, and rice. Most South Indian meals end with plain curd and Rice. In South India, a cleaned banana leaf and other leaf plates, which can be disposed of after the meals, are often used as a hygienic and environmentally friendly alternative to plates. Leaf plates are purposefully utilized for auspicious and festive occasions, but much less common otherwise.
However, these traditional ways of dining are being influenced by eating styles from other parts of the world. Amongst the middle class throughout India, spoons and forks are being adopted.
In south India, the usual lunch service is as follows: soup as an appetizer; a little rice with plain dhaal curry and ghee; rice mixed with a lean but spicy gravy (most commenly saambar for vegetarian meals or chicken/mutton/beef gravy) or any variety rice; rice mixed with thick and spicy gravy (commonly kulambu for vegetarian meals or gravy of a seafood (fish)); rice mixed with rasam (a dish in liquid form prepared with herbs and/or spices, tamarind paste, turmeric and/or tomato and/or dhaal); rice with curd (yoghurt); finally, a banana and beetle leaves/nuts (beeda). Pappad and pickles are served throughout.
See also
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on
Cuisine of India
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cuisine of India
Indian bread
Cuisine of Pakistan
Curry
Spices
Multilingual list of Indian Vegetables
Marwari Bhojnalaya
Indian Chinese cuisine
References
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^ Nancy Freeman. "Ethnic Cuisine: Indonesia". http://www.sallys-place.com/food/cuisines/indonesia.htm.
^ "Thai Kitchen in East Lansing, MI". http://www.restaurantdb.net/restaurants/profile-103.html.
^ Ann Kondo Corum. Ethnic Foods of Hawai'i. p. 174. http://books.google.com/books?id=RI9BPVDH8HsC&pg=PA174&lpg=PA174&dq=indian+arab+cuisine+influence+-restaurant+-recipes+-earthquake&source=web&ots=tB-g-vxs2A&sig=PdMjRcIkC1zqWYda9nNVyuAs0FI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result.
^ K.S. Ramkumar (16 June 2006). "ndian Cuisine Is Popular as It Close to Arabic Food". Arab News. http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4§ion=0&article=83892&d=16&m=6&y=2006&pix=world.jpg&category=World.
^ "Meatless Monday: There's No Curry in India". http://www.meatlessmonday.com/site/PageServer?pagename=dyk_curry.
^ Lizzie Collingham. "'Curry,'". The New York Times - Book Reviews. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html.
^ "Tandoori Village Restaurant Brisbane". AsiaRooms.com. http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html.
^ Candie Yoder. "Masala Chai". http://www.culinaryteas.com/Masala_Chai.html.
^ M. Soundariya Preetha. "As coffee gets popular". http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/30/stories/2008033058640200.htm.
Bibliography
Diamond, J (1997), Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-03891-2
External links
Indian cuisine at the Open Directory Project
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Categories: Indian cuisine | Vegetarian cuisineHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010
