Japan black

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Ingredients

Japan black consisted mostly of an asphaltic base dissolved in naphtha or turpentine, sometimes with other varnish ingredients, such as linseed oil. It is applied directly to metal parts, and then baked at about 200C (400F) for up to an hour.

Automobile use phospate

Japan black's popularity was due in part to its durability as an automotive finish. However, it was the ability of japan black to dry quickly that made it a favorite of early mass produced automobiles such as Henry Ford's Model T. The Ford company's reliance on japan black led Henry Ford to the quip that "Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants so long as it is black". calcium chloride msds

Ford's formulations

Ford used two formulations of japan black, F-101 and F-102 (renamed to M-101 and M-102 after March 15 1922). F-101, the "First Coat Black Elastic Japan", was used as the basic coat applied directly to the metal, while F-102, "Finish Coat Elastic Black Japan", was applied over the first layer. Their compositions were similar: 25-35% asphalt and 10% linseed oil with lead and iron based dryers, dissolved in 55% thinners (mineral spirits, turpentine substitute or naphtha). The F-101 also had 1-3% of carbon black added as a pigment. The asphalt used in the Ford formulations was specified to be Gilsonite; this has long been used in formulations of paint for use on ironware as it increases the elasticity of the paint layer, allowing it to adhere to a steel surface subjected to vibration, deformation and most importantly thermal expansion, without cracking or peeling. It is also cheap, yields a glossy dark surface, and acts as a curing agent for the oil[dubious discuss].

Other colors

While other colors were available for automotive finishes, early colored variants of automotive lacquers could take up to 14 days to cure, whereas japan black would cure in 48 hours or less. Thus variously colored pre-1925 car bodies were usually consigned to special orders, or custom bodied luxury automobiles.

Nitrocellulose lacquers

The development of quick-drying nitrocellulose lacquers (pyroxylins) which could be colored to suit the needs of the buying public in the 1920s lead to the disuse of japan black by the end of the 1920s. In 1924, General Motors introduced "True Blue" Duco (a product of DuPont) nitrocellulose lacquer on its 1925 model Oakland automobile marque products.

See also

Pontypool japan

Rustproofing

References

^ "Solvents Industry Group : Solvents Industry Group". Americansolventscouncil.org. http://www.americansolventscouncil.org/resources/dictionaryCoatingsGL.asp. Retrieved 2009-12-08. 

^ Henry Ford, Samuel Crowther (1922). My Life and Work. Doubleday. p. 72. http://books.google.com/books?id=4K82efXzn10C&pg=PA72&dq=%22My+Life+and+Work%22+%22it+is+black%22. 

^ See Pontypool japan

^ "P-R". Mtfca.com. http://www.mtfca.com/encyclo/P-R.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-08. 

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Categories: Painting materials | Ford Motor CompanyHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from October 2006 | All articles lacking sources | All accuracy disputes | Articles with disputed statements from April 2009