Neon sign transformer

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Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) xenon replacement bulbs

An iron cored neon sign transformer, with a 9 V battery for scale. zenon light

A Neon Sign Transformer (NST) is a transformer made for the purpose of powering a neon sign. They convert line voltage from the 120-240 V range up to high voltages, usually in the range of 2 to 15 kV. Most of these transformers generate between 30-120 mA. xenon flash lamp

Types

Older NSTs are simply iron-cored transformers, usually embedded in asphalt for protection and insulation. The core has a magnetic shunt which serves to current-limit the output, allowing them to run indefinitely in short-circuit conditions. They can also run indefinitely with no load. Iron cored varieties are quite heavy, for example a 15 kV, 60 mA device may weigh up to 20 kg.

Since the 1990s, manufacturers have been producing switch mode power supplies to power neon signs. These generate the same voltage and current ranges as iron cored transformers, but in a much smaller, lighter, and more efficient designs at high frequency (not the common 5060 Hz). They are gradually replacing iron cored transformers in neon signs.

Other uses

Besides the obvious purpose of powering neon signs, iron cored NST's are often used by hobbyists for:

Tesla coil power supplies - used in small to medium sized tesla coils as the main source of high voltage.

Jacob's Ladder - a climbing arc device often pictured in older horror films.

Charging Capacitors - an NST makes a useful high voltage power supply to charge high voltage capacitors. Although the output of an NST is AC, it can be rectified by the proper diode or bridge rectifier.

Switch mode neon supplies are generally not suitable for these purposes, as they shut down on short or open circuit conditions.

Safety

Electrocution - The shock from a neon sign transformer could be lethal. The high voltage allows a large current to flow, even with light contact against dry skin. The transformer is current-limited, but typically to a level well above the threshold for ventricular fibrilation. Disconnect power to the transformer before servicing. Use appropriate insulation around connections; typical insulation, including standard electrical tape and most insulated wire, is rated only for much lower voltages.

UV Light - The ultraviolet light emitted from the high voltage electrical arc can be harmful to ones eyes. It is recommended that the arc be viewed through the appropriate welding goggles or at the very least a high quality pair of sunglasses.

Ozone - the production of ozone can be noticeable when there are problems with a luminous tube transformer installation. Ozone usually indicates failed secondary wiring, loose connections, high capacitance coupling, or a failing transformer.

Fires - The arc length on 15 kV is in excess of 2 inches. Keep wiring inside grounded 1/2" metallic conduit (watertight if applicable). Be sure to use proper enclosures for transformers. Stray electric arcs will ignite combustible materials.

Categories: Transformers (electrical) | Neon lightingHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2009 | All articles lacking sources | Orphaned articles from December 2009 | All orphaned articles

Kasey Kahne

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Racing career

Early career

Kahne (Pronounced 'Cane') began racing open wheel sprint cars at Deming Speedway at 17 in Deming, Washington, before moving up to Skagit speedway in Alger, Washington, (Go then he moved to USAC. In 2001 Kasey made a trip to Pennsylvania where he won the season opener at the historic Williams grove Speedway. He was hired by Steve Lewis, who had also employed future NASCAR drivers Jeff Gordon, Jason Leffler, Tony Stewart, and Kenny Irwin, Jr. In his first year on the circuit, he was named Rookie of the Year, as well winning the national midget championship. He continued to run USAC, as well as the Toyota Atlantic Series and the World of Outlaws. fuel water separators

Kasey Kahne made 20 starts in the Nationwide Series driving the #98 Channellock Ford Taurus for Robert Yates Racing. His best finish was a tenth-place finish at Cabela's 250. In 2003, he moved to the #38 Great Clips Ford for Akins Motorsports. He won his first pole at Michigan International Speedway and his first Nationwide race at the Ford 300. In 2004 he also made a pair of starts in the Craftsman Truck Series at Darlington Raceway and Homestead-Miami Speedway, driving the #2 Team ASE Racing Dodge Ram for Ultra Motorsports, winning both races. torflex axles

Sprint Cup career mahle pistons

Kahne replaced Bill Elliott in the #9 Dodge at the end of 2003 when Elliott announced a part-time schedule starting with the 2004 season. Due to the fact that Kahne was still under contract with Ford, a lawsuit began when Kahne decided to go to Evernham, driving a car that was being sponsored by Dodge. Ford eventually got money from Kahne, allowing him to go to Dodge. In 2004, Kahne surprised many by nearly winning several races (including five second-place finishes and 13 top-fives), winning four poles and captured the Raybestos Rookie of the Year award. He drove 30 races for Akins in the Busch Series, finishing thirteenth in points.

2005

He scored his first career Sprint Cup victory in his sophomore season of 2005, after a dominating performance in the Chevy American Revolution 400 at Richmond International Raceway. It was also the first victory for the Dodge Charger, which returned to NASCAR in 2005. He also scored two poles in back-to-back weeks at Darlington and Richmond during the same year. He made 22 starts in the Busch Series, splitting time with Akins and Evernham's new #6 team. He won the O'Reilly 300 at Texas Motor Speedway, and the United Way 300 at Kansas Speedway.

2006

Kasey Kahne races by in the #9 Dodge Charger.

On Monday, March 20, 2006, Kahne won the rain delayed Golden Corral 500 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. Nearly three weeks later, he won the Samsung/Radio Shack 500 at Texas. He won four races after that, among them a season sweep at Lowe's Motor Speedway in the Coca-Cola 600 and the Bank of America 500, holding off Jimmie Johnson, who would go on to finish second in both events. He also won at California and Michigan.

On September 9, 2006, Kahne successfully raced his way into the Chase for The Cup by finishing third in Richmond. He was the 10th and last qualifier for the Chase. He edged defending Sprint Cup Champion Tony Stewart out by 16 points, but a disappointing crash at Dover made an impact on Kahne's 8th place finish for the season. Kahne also won 2 Busch Series races in '06.

On November 27, 2006 Kahne was honored by being invited to raise the traditional 12th Man flag prior to the Seattle Seahawks Monday Night Football game against the Green Bay Packers at Qwest Field in Seattle. The ceremony has been ongoing since 2003, and involves a different Seattle-area sports hero and/or beloved member of the community kicking things off before every Seahawks home game. The Seahawks beat the Packers 3424.

2007

Kasey Kahne in a pit stop during the 2007 Samsung 500 at Texas Motor Speedway.

During the qualifying for the 2007 Daytona 500, officials found holes in the wheel-wells of his Dodge Charger. A crew member said it was just tape that had fallen off of a hole in the tire. Officials said that the tape had been cut. He was one of the four drivers among Matt Kenseth and his two teammates, Scott Riggs and Elliott Sadler whose cars had been found with aerodynamic-improving modifications. His team was one of the six teams found with illegal modifications in the Daytona festivities.

On May 26, 2007 Kahne won the Busch Series CARQUEST Auto Parts 300 race at Lowe's Motor Speedway scoring his first win of 2007.

On August 24, 2007 Kahne won the pole for the Sharpie 500 at Bristol, his second pole of the 2007 Nextel Cup Series. Later that night, during the Busch Series Food City 250, Kahne passed Ryan Newman on the top side in a 3-wide pass that included Jason Leffler on the bottom. He held off the hard charging Leffler to win the Food City 250 for his 7th career Busch Series win and his 2nd of 2007.

The next day during the Sharpie 500, Kahne dominated most of the race leading 305 of 500 laps and finished 2nd to Carl Edwards. This was his best finish of the 2007 season.

Kasey Kahne practicing for the 2007 Ford 400 at the Homestead-Miami Speedway.

On November 16, 2007 at Homestead-Miami Speedway Kahne was going to the motorhome lot at the track after Friday's practice was over. He was stopped by Archibald Hutchinson a 62 year old track security guard who refused to let him into the lot without credentials (Kahne did not have his credentials at the time since he had just got out of his car and was still in his driver's suit). Kahne tried to go around the guard to his motorhome on his golf cart when he was stopped by Hutchinson. When Kasey was asked for credentials he became agitated and told Hutchinson he didn't need them since he was a driver. The guard blocked him again, Kahne then pushed Hutchinson to the ground, according to a report by the Homestead Police Department. Kahne was then taken into custody shortly but released on the condition he would later appear for his criminal hearing. Hutchinson claims to have major back injuries following the incident. On December 17, 2007, Hutchinson sued Kasey Kahne, who is now charged with one count of misdemeanor battery.

After a disappointing 2007 season Kahne finished 19th in points with no wins, 1 top 5, 8 top 10s and an average finish of 22.2.

2008

Kahne's 2008 Sprint Cup Series racecar

With new sponsor Budweiser, Kahne started off the 2008 season strong as he finished in the top 10 in both the Budweiser Shootout and the Gatorade Duel.

As a result of a 4th place finish in his duel, Kahne started 10th in the 50th running of the Daytona 500 on February 17, 2008. Kahne finished 7th behind teammate Elliott Sadler in the 2008 Daytona 500, this was a repeat of the 2007 race where Sadler and Kahne also finished 6th and 7th respectively.

During the early laps of the Auto Club 500 Kahne worked his way from 20th to 14th, but brushed the wall on lap 7. He however went on to finish a strong 9th after the long rain delay the race suffered. Kahne had to start in the back due to an engine change at the UAW-Dodge 400. He wound up 6th at Las Vegas Motor Speedway.

On May 17, 2008, Kahne was voted into the 2008 Sprint All-Star Race XXIV by his fans via cell phone text messaging and online voting. After performing a required stop-and-go pit stop, Kahne began the fourth segment in second place on old tires. He went on to win the race and win $1,012,975. Kahne became the first driver to win the race from the fan vote and the third driver to race in the Sprint Showdown and go on to win the All-Star race.

On May 25, 2008, Kasey Kahne won the Coca-Cola 600 by passing Tony Stewart with 2 laps to go, as Tony had a flat tire going into turn 1. It was Kasey's first points-paying win of the season. He also became the sixth driver to win the race along with the All-Star Race the previous weekend.

Kasey Kahne receives his 2008 Pocono 500 trophy.

On June 6, 2008, Kahne won the pole for the Pocono 500. He would go onto win the race despite being 38th at one point during the race after a miscue in the pits.

On June 20, 2008, Kasey Kahne won the pole for the Toyota/Save Mart 350 at Infineon Raceway, marking his second pole in three races. However, after handling issues early in the race, Kahne fell victim to pit road, went a lap down, and finished 33rd.

Following two 40th place finishes in a row (a Bristol Motor Speedway wreck, caused by miscommunications between Casey Mears and his spotter, and a Michigan International Speedway engine failure), Kahne found himself sitting outside of the top 12, out of contention for the Chase. At the start of the last regular season race, at Richmond International Raceway, Kahne, David Ragan, and Clint Bowyer were vying for that 12th spot. Unfortunately for Kahne, he was unable to make up enough points to put him into the Chase for the Sprint Cup. Kahne missed the 2008 Chase by 69 points.

2009

Kahne's new team for 2009, Richard Petty Motorsports, was the result of a merger between his team's previous incarnation, Gillett Evernham Motorsports and Petty Enterprises. Kahne returned to victory lane in the 2009 and credited Stephanie for his first Win:" Her Leadership was crucial to our new sucsess" Toyota/Save Mart 350 on June 21, 2009, with his first road course win. Kahne is running the fewest events in other NASCAR series, only 7 (4 in the Nationwide Series, 3 in the Whelen Modefied Tour). This is the fewest since he started his cup career in 2004, and his success has been improved over previous years since 2006. Kahne took his second win of the season at Atlanta.

After the first 26 races of the season Kasey Kahne was in the top twelve in points, earning him a place in the Chase for the Championship. He was seeded in the chase fifth in points.

2010

On September 10, 2009, it was announced that Richard Petty Motorsports would merge with Yates Racing. Kasey Kahne would remain as one of four drivers of RPM alongside his current teammates, Elliot Sadler and A.J. Allmendinger, and current Yates Racing driver Paul Menard. The team will also be running Fords with Roush-Yates engines with additional assistance from Roush Fenway Racing.

Driving the new Ford Fusion car, Kahne won the Gatorade Duel #2 at Daytona International Speedway on February 11, 2010, He also finished in second position in the 2010 Budweiser Shootout. Kahne ended up 30th in the Daytone 500 after being wrecked late in the race. He had been running up front for most of the race and had the fastest lap for the race.

Promotional Activities

Kahne has been a spokesperson for Allstate. He is featured in commercials with three women, all of whom are distracted by Kahne's good looks, thus resulting in accidents (knocking over a scoreboard tower, running into a sign with a giant tire which falls off and crushes another car, and in a twist, when Kahne notices them and remembers their accident prone history, he knocks over a utility pole into a fireworks stand, causing it to set off the fireworks inside).

Film and Television

Kahne was featured in the premiere episode of the 2006 Biography Channel series, "Driven to Win". This 30-minute program covered Kahne's childhood and entry into NASCAR, as well as his 2004 Rookie of the Year season and his first win in 2005.

Kasey Kahne Racing, NASCAR Media Group and Motorsports Management International partnered to produce the 2009 release, "The Rise of Kahne." This 90-minute biographical profile features interviews with Kahne, his family and other NASCAR personalities. Footage covers the stock-car racer's open-wheel roots and successes leading up to his June 2009 win at Infineon Raceway, his first for Richard Petty Motorsports. The DVD also shows his work with the Kasey Kahne Foundation and his own sprint car race team.

Races won

Sprint Cup

2010

Gatorade Duel #2 at Daytona

2009

Toyota/Save Mart 350 at Infineon Raceway June 21, 2009

Pep Boys Auto 500 at Atlanta Motor Speedway September 6, 2009

2008

Coca-Cola 600 at Charlotte Motor Speedway May 25, 2008

Pocono 500 at Pocono Raceway June 8, 2008

2006

Golden Corral 500 at Atlanta Motor Speedway March 19, 2006

Samsung 500 at Texas Motor Speedway April 9, 2006

Coca-Cola 600 at Charlotte Motor Speedway May 28, 2006

3M Performance 400 Presented by Post-It Picture Paper at Michigan International Speedway June 18, 2006

Sony HD 500 at California Speedway September 3, 2006

Bank of America 500 at Charlotte Motor Speedway October 14, 2006

2005

Chevy American Revolution 400 at Richmond International Raceway May 14, 2005

Nationwide Series

2007

Carquest Auto Parts 300 at Charlotte Motor Speedway May 26, 2007

Food City 250 at Bristol Motor Speedway August 24, 2007

2006

Sam's Town 300 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway March 11, 2006

Ameriquest 300 at California Speedway September 2, 2006

2005

O'Reilly 300 at Texas Motor Speedway April 16, 2005

United Way 300 Presented by Yellow Transportation & Sprint at Kansas Speedway October 8, 2005

2003

Ford 300 at Homestead-Miami Speedway November 15, 2003

Camping World Truck Series

2004

Darlington 200 at Darlington Raceway November 13, 2004

Ford 200 at Homestead-Miami Speedway November 19, 2004

NASCAR Sprint Cup Series statistics

Year

Races

Wins

Poles

Top 5

Top 10

DNF

Avg. Start

Avg. Finish

Winnings

Season Rank

2010

3

0

0

0

1

1

9.0

24.3

$722,709

23

2009

36

2

0

7

14

2

11.8

15.3

$5,620,115

10

2008

36

2

2

4

14

4

16.1

18.1

$7,030,099

14

2007

36

0

2

1

8

6

14.3

22.2

$5,750,131

19

2006

36

6

6

12

19

6

12.8

15.5

$7,721,378

8

2005

36

1

2

5

8

9

14.8

21.9

$5,183,697

23

2004

36

0

4

13

14

7

13.6

16.7

$5,415,611

13

Totals

218

11

16

42

77

35

12.5

20.2

$37,193,566

17.1

Statistics are as of February 25, 2010, provided by racing-reference.info.

References

^ NASCAR.com: Hearing slated for Kahne after Homestead incident

^ Richard Petty Motorsports (September 10, 2009). "Richard Petty Motorsports to Race Fords in 2010". Press release. http://www.richardpettymotorsports.com/main.cfm?pagename=article&articleId=11793. Retrieved September 13, 2009. 

^ Newton, David (September 11, 2009). "RPM taking over Yates Racing". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/rpm/nascar/cup/news/story?id=4466212. Retrieved September 13, 2009. 

^ Episode Guide, Biography Channel: Driven to Win

^ "The Rise of Kahne," Motorsports Management International, November 24, 2009

^ racing-reference.info: Kasey Kahne Sprint Cup Series Statistics

External links

Kasey Kahne's NASCAR Statistics

Kasey Kahne's Official Web Site

Kasey Kahne Racing

Kasey Kahne on FoxSports

Kasey Kahne at The Internet Movie Database

Evernham Racing's Website for More Info on Kasey Kahne

Interview with Kasey Kahne about his charitable work

Kasey Kahne Video on FoxSports Video Archive

v  d  e

NASCAR Rookies of the Year

Sprint Cup

1954: Pitt | 1957: Rush | 1958: Rollins | 1959: R. Petty | 1960: D. Pearson | 1961: Wilson | 1962: Cox | 1963: Wade | 1964: Cooper | 1965: McQuagg | 1966: Hylton | 1967: Do. Allison | 1968: P. Hamilton | 1969: Brooks | 1970: Dennis | 1971: Ballard | 1972: L. Smith | 1973: Pond | 1974: Ross | 1975: B. Hill | 1976: Manning | 1977: Rudd | 1978: Thomas | 1979: Earnhardt | 1980: Ridley | 1981: R. Bouchard | 1982: G. Bodine | 1983: Marlin | 1984: R. Wallace | 1985: Schrader | 1986: Kulwicki | 1987: Da. Allison | 1988: K. Bouchard | 1989: Trickle | 1990: Moroso | 1991: B. Hamilton | 1992: Hensley | 1993: Gordon | 1994: J. Burton | 1995: Craven | 1996: Benson | 1997: Skinner | 1998: Irwin | 1999: Stewart | 2000: Kenseth | 2001: Harvick | 2002: Newman | 2003: McMurray | 2004: Kahne | 2005: Kyle Busch | 2006: Hamlin | 2007: Montoya | 2008: R. Smith | 2009: Logano

Nationwide Series

1989: K. Wallace | 1990: Nemechek | 1991: J. Gordon | 1992: Craven | 1993: H. Sadler | 1994: Benson | 1995: J. Fuller | 1996: G. Allen, Jr. | 1997: Park | 1998: Santerre | 1999: Raines | 2000: Harvick | 2001: Biffle | 2002: Riggs | 2003: Stremme | 2004: Kyle Busch | 2005: C. Edwards | 2006: O'Quinn | 2007: Ragan | 2008: Cassill | 2009: Allgaier

Camping World Truck

1996: Reffner | 1997: Irwin | 1998: Biffle | 1999: Stefanik | 2000: Kurt Busch | 2001: Kvapil | 2002: Gaughan | 2003: C. Edwards | 2004: Reutimann | 2005: Kluever | 2006: Darnell | 2007: W. Allen | 2008: Braun | 2009: Sauter

v  d  e

NASCAR Triple Threats (Winners In All Three Major Series)

1. Ken Schrader (04-15-1995) 2. Terry Labonte (09-07-1995) 3. Mark Martin (09-28-1996) 4. Bobby Hamilton (04-10-2000) 5. Kevin Harvick (11-08-2002) 6. Greg Biffle (07-05-2003) 7. Jimmy Spencer (09-13-2003) 8. Jamie McMurray (10-23-2004) 9. Tony Stewart (02-19-2005) 10. Steve Park (02-25-2005) 11. Carl Edwards (03-20-2005) 12. Bobby Labonte (04-09-2005) 13. Kasey Kahne (05-14-2005) 14. Kyle Busch (09-04-2005) 15. Ricky Craven (10-22-2005) 16. Kurt Busch (04-08-2006) 17. Johnny Benson (06-17-2006) 18. Clint Bowyer (09-16-2007) 19. Ryan Newman (10-25-2008) 20. David Reutimann (05-25-2009)

v  d  e

Richard Petty Motorsports

Sprint Cup drivers

Kasey Kahne (#9) | Elliott Sadler (#19) | A. J. Allmendinger (#43) | Paul Menard (#98)

Primary Sponsors

Budweiser (#9) | Stanley Tools (#19) | Best Buy (#43) | Menards (#98)

Crew Chiefs

Kenny Francis (#9) | Wally Rogers (#19) | Sammy Johns (#43) | Slugger Labbe (#98)

Partnerships and affiliations

Braun Racing | Roush Fenway Racing | Yates Racing

Owners/Related information

Richard Petty | George N. Gillett, Jr. | Ray Evernham | Boston Ventures | Petty Enterprises | Richard Petty's Talladega | Kyle Petty's No Fear Racing

Preceded by

Jamie McMurray

NASCAR Rookie of the year

2004

Succeeded by

Kyle Busch

Categories: 1980 births | American racecar drivers | Living people | NASCAR drivers | NASCAR Rookies of the Year | Sportspeople from Washington (U.S. state) | World of Outlaws drivers | Atlantic Championship drivers

The Murder on the Links

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Plot summary

Captain Hastings arrives in the flat that he now shares with Poirot in London, eager to tell the Belgian detective about a woman with whom he has fallen hopelessly in love on the train from Paris to Calais. But Poirot is busy sorting his mail, impatiently tossing aside bills and banal requests "recovering lost lap dogs for fashionable ladies". Then he finds an extraordinary letter from the south of France: "For God's sake, come!" writes Monsieur Paul Renauld. Poirot decides to investigate and he takes Hastings to France and the Villa Genevieve in Merlinville-sur-Mer on the northern French coast where Renauld wrote from. Asking for directions near the Villa Genevieve, they are watched by a young girl outside another smaller villa who has "anxious eyes".

Arriving at Renauld's house, they find they are too late: Renauld is dead. He and his wife were attacked in their rooms at 2.00 in the night by two masked men. Madame Renauld was tied up and her husband taken away by the men wanting to know "the secret". They appear to have got in to the house through the open front door with no sign of forced entry. His body was found stabbed in a newly dug open grave on the edge of a nearby golf course which is under construction and next to the placing of a bunker which was due to be dug that day. The Renaulds' son, Jack, had just been sent away on business to South America and Renauld also gave the chauffeur an unexpected holiday leaving just three female servants in the house who heard nothing. The eldest of the three servants tells Poirot and the police that quite often, after Madame Renauld has retired to bed for the night, her husband has been visited by a neighbour, Madame Daubreuil, who is the mother of the girl with the "anxious eyes", Marthe Daubreuil. natural gas leak detector

The dead man changed his will just two weeks before, leaving almost everything to his wife and nothing to his son. There is a smashed watch at the scene of the kidnap which is still running but has somehow gained two hours. The widow inspects the body to identify it. She loses her composure and collapses with grief at the sight of her dead husband. magnetic door alarm

Poirot is puzzled by some of these findingshy is the watch running fast? Why did the servants hear nothing? Why was the body found somewhere where it was bound to be quickly discovered? Why is there a piece of lead piping near the body? Poirot is hampered in his investigations by the attitude of Monsieur Giraud of the Sret who plainly believes the elderly Belgian is too set in his old-fashioned ways to solve the mystery. The local Examining Magistrate, Monsieur Hautet, is more helpful and tells Poirot that he has found out that the Renaulds' neighbour at the Villa Marguerite, Madame Daubreuil, has paid two hundred thousand francs into her bank account in recent weeks: was she Monsieur Renauld's mistress? They visit the lady who is furious when the suggestion is put to her and throws them out. Having now met Madame Daubreuil for the first time, Poirot tells Hastings that he recognises her from a murder case going back some twenty years. door chime alarm

Soon after, Jack Renauld arrives back; his trip to Santiago was delayed enabling him to return when he heard of his father's murder. Jack admits to rowing with his father over who he wanted to marry, hence the change of will. Poirot suspects that Marthe Daubreuil is the girl in question and feels that the answer to the problem lies in Paris. He goes there to investigate. Whilst he is away another body is found in a shed on the golf course. No one recognises the man who by his hands could be a tramp but is dressed in finer clothes. The strangest thing is that the man has been dead for forty-eight hours and thus died before Monsieur Renauld's murder. No one recognises the new corpse.

Poirot returns from Paris and, without being told details beforehand, staggers Hastings by correctly guessing the age of the man, place of death, and manner of death. He examines the new corpse with the doctor. Poirot sees foam on his lips and the doctor realises the man died of an epileptic fit and was then stabbed after death.

When alone, Poirot tells Hastings that his investigations in Paris have borne fruit and that Madame Daubreuil is in fact a Madame Beroldy who was put on trial twenty years previously for the death of her elderly husband. He too was murdered by, supposedly, two masked men who broke into their house at night wanting to know "the secret". Madame Beroldy had a young lover, Georges Conneau, who absconded from justice but wrote a letter to the police admitting to the crimehere were no masked men and he stabbed Monsieur Beroldy himself. Madame Beroldy managed a tearfully-convincing performance in the witness box, convincing the jury of her innocence, but leaving most people suspicious. She then disappeared herself.

Poirot deduces that Paul Renauld was in fact Georges Conneau. He fled to Canada and then South America where he made his fortune and gained a wife and a son. When they returned to France, by great misfortune, the immediate neighbour of the house he bought was Madame Beroldy, now Daubreuil, who started to blackmail him. When a tramp died on his grounds of an epileptic fit, Renauld saw a chance to duplicate the ruse of twenty years earlier by faking his own death and escaping his blackmailer with his wife's cooperation. His plan was to send his son away on business, give his chauffeur a holiday, and stage a kidnapping by tying his wife up and disappearing. After leaving the house he would go to the golf course and dig a grave where he knew it would be discovered; he would then put the tramp into the grave after destroying his features with the lead pipe. The plan was for this to happen at midnight, giving Renauld the chance to get away from the local station on the last train and use the smashed watch to create an alibi. Unfortunately, the smashing of the watch did not stop it, so the deception failed on Poirot at least. What then went wrong was that Renauld was stabbed by someone else after he finished digging the grave but before he could fetch the body of the tramp, hence his wife's faint when she saw that the body actually was her husband's.

Jack is proven innocent by another girl he was also in love with and as far as Poirot is concerned that leaves only one suspect who had anything to gain by Renauld dying: Marthe Daubreuil, who did not know of the change of will disinheriting Jack and thought that by killing his father she would gain his fortune when she married his son. She overheard the Renaulds discussing using the dead tramp as a ruse and stabbed Renauld on the golf course after he had dug the grave. Marthe dies when she tries to kill Madame Renauld. Her mother disappears again. Jack and his mother go to South America and Hastings ends up with Dulcie Duveen, the sister of the girl who was able to prove Jack's innocence. She is also the woman he met on the train at the beginning of the novel.

Characters in "The Murder on the Links"

Hercule Poirot

Captain Arthur Hastings

At the Villa Genevive

Paul Renauld - formerly Georges Conneau

Eloise Renauld - his wife

Jack Renauld - their son

Franoise Arrichet - elderly servant in M. Renauld's house

Lonie Oulard - a young maid in M. Renauld's house

Denise Oulard - her sister and also a maid in M. Renauld's house

Auguste gardener at M. Renauld's house

Gabriel Stonor - M. Renauld's secretary

At the Villa Marguerite

Madame Daubreuil - neighbour of Paul Renauld, formerly Madame Jeanne Beroldy

Marthe Daubreuil - her daughter

Merlinville and Parisian Police

Lucien Bex - Commissary of Police

Monsieur Hautet - Examining Magistrate

Dr Durand - the local doctor in Merlinville

Monsieur Giraud of the Paris Sret

M. Marchaud - Sergent de Ville

Magistrate at Merlinville

Others

Joseph Aarons - British theatrical agent

Bella Duveen - fianc of Jack Renauld and stage performer

Dulcie Duveen - sister of Bella and part of her stage act - known to Hastings as "Cinderella"

Matre Grosier - Jack Renauld's counsel

Literary significance and reception

The Times Literary Supplement reviewed the novel in its issue of June 7, 1923. The review compared the methods of detection of Poirot to Sherlock Holmes and concluded favourably that the book "provides the reader with an enthralling mystery of an unusual kind".

The New York Times Book Review of March 25, 1923 began, ere is a remarkably good detective story which can be warmly commended to those who like that kind of fiction. After detailing the set-up of the story the review continued, he plot has peculiar complications and the reader will have to be very astute indeed if he guesses who the criminal is until the last complexity has been unravelled. The author is notably ingenious in the construction and unravelling of the mystery, which develops fresh interests and new entanglements at every turn. She deserves commendation also for the care with which the story is worked out and the good craftsmanship with which it is written. Although there is not much endeavour to portray character, except in the case of M. Poirot, several of the personages are depicted with swiftly made expressive and distinctive lines.6]

The unnamed reviewer in The Observer of June 10, 1923 said, "When Conan Doyle popularised Sherlock Holmes in the Strand of the 'nineties he lit such a candle as the publishers will not willingly let out. Not a week passes which does not bring a 'detective' story from one quarter or another, and several of the popular magazines rely mainly on that commodity. Among the later cultivators of this anything but lonely furrow the name of Agatha Christie is well in the front. If she has not the touch of artistry which made The Speckled Band and The Hound of the Baskervilles things of real horror, she has an unusual gift of mechanical complication." The reviewer went on to compare the novel with The Mysterious Affair at Styles which they called, "a remarkable piece of work" but warned that, "it is a mistake to carry the art of bewilderment to the point of making the brain reel." They did admit that, "No solution could be more surprising" and stated that the character of Poirot was, "a pleasant contrast to most of his lurid competitors; and one even suspects a touch of satire in him."

Robert Barnard: "Super-complicated early whodunnit, set in the northerly fringes of France so beloved of the English bankrupt. Poirot pits his wits against a sneering sophisticate of a French policeman while Hastings lets his wander after an auburn-haired female acrobat. Entertaining for most of its length, but the solution is one of those 'once revealed, instantly forgotten' ones, where ingenuity has triumphed over common sense".

Some additional blurbs regarding the book, and used by The Bodley Head for advertising subsequent print runs, are as follows:

"One of the best mystery stories I have read." S.P.B. Mais in The Daily Express.

"A clinking yarn, most ingeniously contrived and skilfully evolved there is not a superfluous word or a dull one from start to finish the very best of this sort of fiction." Winnifred Blatchford in The Clarion.

"A thrilling and accomplished book." Observer.

"Mrs. Christie has a surprising gift of keeping the reader's tension unslacked, of heaping excitement on excitement, and of always having a surprise up her sleeve." Daily Mail.

"Unhesitatingly we recommend he Murder on the Links to every lover of such tales, and every non-lover likewise we advise to read it and thereupon reconsider their previous opinion." Queen.

"A godsend to hardened readers of fiction." Illustrated London News.

"A very convincing and most readable book." Challenge.

"A really good detective story." Tatler.

"A capital story, cleverly designed, briskly told." Bookman.

"None can say that Mrs. Christie is lacking either in imagination or the ability to tell a good story." Daily Graphic.

"A rattling, ingenious mystery yarn." London Opinion.

In a modern work of literary criticism, Christie biographer Laura Thompson writes:

Murder on the Links was as different from its predecessor as that had been from Styles. It is very French; not just in setting but in tone, which reeks of Gaston Leroux and, at times, Racine Agatha admitted that she had written it in a "high-flown, fanciful" manner. She had also based the book too closely upon a real-life French murder case, which gives the story a kind of non-artistic complexity.

But Poirot is magnificently himself. What originality there is in Murder on the Links comes straight from his thought processes. For example he deduces the modus operandi of the crime because it is a repeat, essentially, of an earlier murder; this proves his favourite theory that human nature does not change, even when the human in question is a killer: "The English murderer who disposed of his wives in succession by drowning them in their baths was a case in point. Had he varied his methods, he might have escaped detection to this day. But he obeyed the common dictates of human nature, arguing that what had once succeeded would succeed again, and he paid the penalty of his lack of originality."

References in other works

The character of the theatrical agent Joseph Aarons also features in the 1928 short story Double Sin which was published in book form in the US in Double Sin and Other Stories in 1961 and in the UK in Poirot's Early Cases in 1974.

Film, TV or theatrical adaptations

Saturday Night Theatre (BBC Radio 4)

The Murder on the Links was presented as a one-hour, thirty-minute radio play in the Saturday Night Theatre strand on BBC Radio 4 on September 15, 1990, the centenary of Christie's birth. It was repeated on July 8, 1991. John Moffatt starred as Poirot. The play's recording took place on June 21, 1989 at Broadcasting House.

Adaptor: Michael Bakewell

Producer/Director: Enyd Williams

Cast:

John Moffatt as Hercule Poirot

Jeremy Clyde as Captain Hastings

Madeline Smith as Dulcee Duveen

Vincent Brimble as Inspector Giraud

Geoffrey Whitehead as Inspector Bex

Joan Matheson as Madame Renauld

Stephen Tompkinson as Jack Renauld

David King as Judge Hautet

Petra Davies as Madame Daubreuil

Francesca Buller as Marthe Daubreuil

Barbara Atkinson as Franoise

Joanna Mackie as Loine

Danny Schiller as Hotel Receptionist

Ken Cumberlidge as Sergeant of Police

Brian Miller as the Doctor

Agatha Christie's Poirot

The book was also adapted by Carnival Films as a ninety-four-minute drama and transmitted on ITV in the UK on Sunday, February 11, 1996 as a special episode in their series Agatha Christie's Poirot.

The Three major changes in this version from the book were:

In the book, Hercule Poirot is invited by Paul Renauld while in the adaptation Poirot is on holiday with Hastings in Deauville and the hotel they are staying is owned by Paul. It is in the hotel that Paul and Poirot meet.

Paul Renauld's murder takes place only 10 years after the Berodly murder (instead of 20 in the book) and as a result the character of Jack Renauld is changed to a stepson, with a strong motive to kill him.

The characters of Dulcie and Bella Duveen were merged. In this adaptation, Hastings does not meet Bella on the train. Rather he meets her in France. The final scene shows them kissing by the beach.

The episode was filmed on location in Deauville, France

Adaptor: Anthony Horowitz

Director: Andrew Grieve

Cast:

David Suchet as Hercule Poirot

Hugh Fraser as Arthur Hastings

Bill Moody as Giraud

Damien Thomas as Paul Renauld

Sophie Linfield as Marthe Daubreuil

Katherine Fahey as Bernadette Daubreuil

Jacinta Mulcahy as Bella Duveen

Bernard Latham as Lucien Bex

Ben Pullen as Jack Renauld

Diana Fletcher as Eloise Renauld

Terence Beesley as Stonor

Andrew Melville as Dr Hautet

Henrietta Voigts as Leonie

James Vaughan as Adam Letts

Ray Gatenby as a Station Master

Randal Herley as the Judge

Peter Yapp as a Lawyer

Terry Raven as a Tramp

Margaret Clifton as a Concierge

Tim Berrington as a Golfer

Howard Lee as a Golfer

Joseph Morton as a Policeman

Christopher Hammond as a Policeman

Belinda Stewart-Wilson as a Dubbing Secretary

Richard Bebb as a Newsreader

Laurence Richardson as a Golfer

Graphic novel adaptation

The Murder on the Links was released by HarperCollins as a graphic novel adaptation on July 16, 2007, adapted by Franois Rivire and illustrated by Marc Piskic (ISBN 0-00-725057-6). This was translated from the edition first published in France by Emmanuel Proust ditions in 2003 under the title of Le Crime du Golf.

Publication history

Dustjacket illustration of the UK First Edition (Book was first published in the US)

1923, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), 1923, Hardcover, 298 pp

1923, John Lane (The Bodley Head), May 1923, Hardcover, 326 pp

1928, John Lane (The Bodley Head), March 1928, Hardcover (Cheap edition - two shillings)

1931, John Lane (The Bodley Head, February 1931 (As part of the An Agatha Christie Omnibus along with The Mysterious Affair at Styles and Poirot Investigates, Hardcover (Priced at seven shillings and sixpence, a cheaper edition at five shillings was published in October 1932).

1932, John Lane (The Bodley Head), March 1932, Paperback (Ninepence)

1936, Penguin Books, March 1936, Paperback (sixpence) 254 pp

1949, Dell Books, 1949, Dell number 454, Paperback, 224 pp

1954, Corgi Books, 1954, Paperback, 222 pp

1960, Pan Books, 1960, Paperback (Great Pan G323), 224 pp

1977, Ulverscroft Large-print, 1977, Hardcover, 349 pp ISBN 0-85-456516-7

1978, Panther Books, 1978, Paperback, 224 pp

1988, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 208 pp, ISBN 0-00-617477-9

2007, Facsimile of 1923 UK first edition (HarperCollins), November 5, 2007, Hardcover, 326 pp ISBN 0-00-726516-6

The novel received its first true publication as a four-part serialisation in the Grand Magazine from December 1922 to March 1923 (Issues 214 - 217) under the title of The Girl with the Anxious Eyes before it was issued in book form by The Bodley Head in May 1923. This was Christie's first published work for the Grand Magazine which went on to publish many of her short stories throughout the 1920s.

Christie's Autobiography recounts how she objected to the illustration of the dustjacket of the UK first edition stating that it was both badly drawn and unrepresentative of the plot. It was the first of many such objections she raised with her publishers over the dustjacket. It would appear that Christie won her argument over the dustjacket as the one she describes and objected to ("a man in his pyjamas, dying of an epeleptic fit on a golf course") does not resemble the actual jacket (illustrated above) which shows Monsieur Renauld digging the open grave on the golf course at night.

Book dedication

Christie dedicated her third book as follows:

"TO MY HUSBAND. A fellow enthusiast for detective stories and to whom I am indebted for much helpful advice and criticism".

Christie refers here to her first husband, Archibald Christie (1890 - 1962) from whom she was divorced in 1928. This dedication has not appeared in most editions for many years since.

Dustjacket blurb

The dustjacket front flap of the first edition carried no specially written blurb. Instead it carried quotes of reviews for The Mysterious Affair at Styles whilst the back jacket flap carried similar quotes for The Secret Adversary.

References

^ John Cooper and B.A. Pyke. Detective Fiction - the collector's guide: Second Edition (Pages 82 and 86) Scholar Press. 1994. ISBN 0-85967-991-8

^ a b American Tribute to Agatha Christie

^ a b The English Catalogue of Books. Vol XI (A-L: January 1921 December 1925). Kraus Reprint Corporation, Millwood, New York, 1979 (page 310)

^ a b Thompson, Laura. Agatha Christie: An English Mystery. London: Headline Review. 2008. ISBN 978-0-7553-1488-1.

^ The Times Literary Supplement June 7, 1923 (Page 389)

^ The New York Times Book Review March 25, 1923 (Page 14)

^ The Observer June 10, 1923 (Page 5)

^ Barnard, Robert. A Talent to Deceive an appreciation of Agatha Christie - Revised edition (Page 199). Fontana Books, 1990. ISBN 0006374743

^ a b c d e f g h i j k Christie, Agatha. Poirot Investigates. John Lane Company, The Bodley Head. 1924. Advertising supplements following p. 298 of collection.

^ Ashley, Mike. The Age of the Storytellers (Page 84). The British Library and Oak Knoll Press, 2006. ISBN 0-7123-0698-6

^ Christie, Agatha. An Autobiography (Page 282-283). Collins, 1977. ISBN 0-00-216012-9

External links

The Murder on the Links at the official Agatha Christie website

Murder on the Links (1996) at the Internet Movie Database

v  d  e

Works by Agatha Christie

Detectives

Hercule Poirot  Miss Marple  Colonel Race  Tommy and Tuppence  Ariadne Oliver  Arthur Hastings  Superintendent Battle  Chief Inspector Japp  Parker Pyne  Mr. Harley Quin

Novels

The Mysterious Affair at Styles  The Secret Adversary  The Murder on the Links  The Man in the Brown Suit  The Secret of Chimneys  The Murder of Roger Ackroyd  The Big Four  The Mystery of the Blue Train  The Seven Dials Mystery  The Murder at the Vicarage  The Sittaford Mystery  Peril at End House  Lord Edgware Dies  Murder on the Orient Express  Why Didn't They Ask Evans?  Three Act Tragedy  Death in the Clouds  The A.B.C. Murders  Murder in Mesopotamia  Cards on the Table  Dumb Witness  Death on the Nile  Appointment with Death  Hercule Poirot's Christmas  Murder Is Easy  And Then There Were None  Sad Cypress  One, Two, Buckle My Shoe  Evil Under the Sun  N or M?  The Body in the Library  Five Little Pigs  The Moving Finger  Towards Zero  Death Comes as the End  Sparkling Cyanide  The Hollow  Taken at the Flood  Crooked House  A Murder is Announced  They Came to Baghdad  Mrs McGinty's Dead  They Do It with Mirrors  After the Funeral  A Pocket Full of Rye  Destination Unknown  Hickory Dickory Dock  Dead Man's Folly  4.50 from Paddington  Ordeal by Innocence  Cat Among the Pigeons  The Pale Horse  The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side  The Clocks  A Caribbean Mystery  At Bertram's Hotel  Third Girl  Endless Night  By the Pricking of My Thumbs  Hallowe'en Party  Passenger to Frankfurt  Nemesis  Elephants Can Remember  Postern of Fate  Curtain  Sleeping Murder

As Mary Westmacott

Giant's Bread  Unfinished Portrait  Absent in the Spring  The Rose and the Yew Tree  A Daughter's a Daughter  The Burden

Short story collections

Poirot Investigates  Partners in Crime  The Mysterious Mr. Quin  The Thirteen Problems  The Hound of Death  The Listerdale Mystery  Parker Pyne Investigates  Murder in the Mews  The Regatta Mystery  The Labours of Hercules  The Witness for the Prosecution and Other Stories  Three Blind Mice and Other Stories  The Under Dog and Other Stories  The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding  Double Sin and Other Stories  The Golden Ball and Other Stories  Poirot's Early Cases  Miss Marple's Final Cases and Two Other Stories  Problem at Pollensa Bay and Other Stories  The Harlequin Tea Set  While the Light Lasts and Other Stories

Plays

Black Coffee  And Then There Were None  Appointment with Death  Murder on the Nile/Hidden Horizon  The Hollow  The Mousetrap  Witness for the Prosecution  Spider's Web  The Unexpected Guest  Verdict  Rule of Three  Fiddlers Three  Akhnaton  Chimneys

Radio (and television) plays

Wasp's Nest  The Yellow Iris  Three Blind Mice  Butter In a Lordly Dish  Personal Call

Other books

The Road of Dreams  Come, Tell Me How You Live  Star Over Bethlehem and other stories  Poems  An Autobiography

Categories: Hercule Poirot novels | 1923 novels

Series 40

China Suppliers


Features

Applications

It provides communication applications such as telephone, messaging, email client with POP3 and IMAP4 capabilities and Web browser; media applications such as camera, video recorder, music/video player and FM radio; and phonebook and other personal information management (PIM) applications such as calendar and tasks. fta digital receiver

Web browser pointing satellite dish

The integrated web browser can access most web content through the service provider's XHTML/HTML gateway. The latest version of Series 40, called Series 40 6th Edition, introduced a new browser based on the WebKit open source components WebCore and JavaScriptCore. The new browser delivers support for HTML 4.01, CSS2, JavaScript 1.5, and Ajax. satellite receiver viewsat

Synchronization

Support for SyncML synchronization with external services of the address book, calendar and notes is present. However with many S40 phones, these synchronization settings must be sent via an OTA text message.

Technical

Software platform

Series 40 is an embedded software platform that is open for software development via standard or de-facto content and application development technologies. It supports Java MIDlets, i.e. Java MIDP and CLDC technology, which provide location, communication, messaging, media, and graphics capabilities. S40 also supports Flash Lite applications.

Operating system

Series 40 uses a simpler operating system than the higher end S60 (which is based on the multi-tasking Symbian OS). Because S40 devices do not support true multi-tasking and do not have a native code API for third parties, its user interface may appear to be more responsive and faster than other Nokia platforms.

History

The first Series 40 devices (introduced in 2002) had only 128x128 pixel large displays. Over the years, the S40 UI has evolved from a low resolution, black-and-white UI to a high resolution color UI with an enhanced graphical look. The third generation of Series 40 that became available in 2005 introduced support for devices with resolutions as high as QVGA (240x320). It is possible to customize the look-and-feel of the UI via comprehensive themes. Some of the Nokia Series 40 devices are :

Nokia-1680 Classic-5th edition

Nokia-2220-5th edition

Nokia-2320 Classic-5th edition

Nokia-2323 Classic-5th edition

Nokia-2330 Classic-5th edition

Nokia-2355-1st edition

Nokia-2600 classic-5th edition

Nokia-2610-2nd edition

Nokia-2626-2nd edition

Nokia-2630-5th edition

Nokia-2650

Nokia-2660-5th edition

Nokia-2680 slide-5th edition

Nokia-2690-5th edition

Nokia-2700 Classic-5th edition

Nokia-2720 Fold-5th edition

Nokia-2730 Classic-5th edition

Nokia-2760-5th edition

Nokia-2855-2nd edition

Nokia-2865-3rd edition

Nokia-2865i-3rd edition

Nokia-3100

Nokia-3105

Nokia-3108

Nokia-3109 Classic-3rd edition

Nokia-3110 Classic-3rd edition

Nokia-3110 evolve-3rd edition

Nokia-3120

Nokia-3120 classic-5th edition

Nokia-3125

Nokia-3152

Nokia-3155

Nokia-3155i

Nokia-3200

Nokia-3205

Nokia-3220

Nokia-3280 Classic-5th edition

Nokia-3300

Nokia-3300 Americas

Nokia-3500 Classic-3rd edition

Nokia-3510i

Nokia-3530

Nokia-3555-5th edition

Nokia-3585i

Nokia-3586

Nokia-3586i

Nokia-3587

Nokia-3587i

Nokia-3595

Nokia-3600 slide-5th edition

Nokia-3610 fold-5th edition

Nokia-3710 Fold-6th edition

Nokia-3720 Classic-6th edition

Nokia-5000-5th edition

Nokia-5070-2nd edition

Nokia-5100

Nokia-5130 Xpress Music-5th edition

Nokia-5140

Nokia-5140i-2nd edition

Nokia-5200-3rd edition

Nokia-5220 Xpress Music-5th edition

Nokia-5300 Xpress Music-3rd edition

Nokia-5310 Xpress Music-5th edition

Nokia-5330-6th edition

Nokia-5610 Xpress Music-5th edition

Nokia-6010

Nokia-6012

Nokia-6015

Nokia-6015i

Nokia-6020

Nokia-6030-2nd edition

Nokia-6060

Nokia-6070-2nd edition

Nokia-6080-2nd edition

Nokia-6085-3rd edition

Nokia-6086-3rd edition

Nokia-6100

Nokia-6101-2nd edition

Nokia-6102-2nd edition

Nokia-6102i-3rd edition

Nokia-6103-2nd edition

Nokia-6108

Nokia-6111-3rd edition

Nokia-6125-3rd edition

Nokia-6126-3rd edition

Nokia-6131 NFC-3rd edition

Nokia-6131-3rd edition

Nokia-6133-3rd edition

Nokia-6136-3rd edition

Nokia-6151-3rd edition

Nokia-6152

Nokia-6155

Nokia-6155i

Nokia-6165-3rd edition

Nokia-6170

Nokia-6200

Nokia-6208 Classic-5th edition

Nokia-6212 Classic-5th edition

Nokia-6216 Classic-5th edition

Nokia-6220

Nokia-6225

Nokia-6230-2nd edition

Nokia-6230i

Nokia-6233-3rd edition

Nokia-6234-3rd edition

Nokia-6235

Nokia-6235i

Nokia-6255

Nokia-6260 slide-6th edition

Nokia-6263-5th edition

Nokia-6265-3rd edition

Nokia-6265i-3rd edition

Nokia-6267-5th edition

Nokia-6270-3rd edition

Nokia-6275-3rd edition

Nokia-6275i-3rd edition

Nokia-6280-3rd edition

Nokia-6282-3rd edition

Nokia-6288-3rd edition

Nokia-6300-3rd edition

Nokia-6300i-5th edition

Nokia-6301-5th edition

Nokia-6303 Classic-6th edition

Nokia-6500 Classic-5th edition

Nokia-6500 Slide-5th edition

Nokia-6555-5th edition

Nokia-6585

Nokia-6600 fold-5th edition

Nokia-6600 slide-5th edition

Nokia-6600i Slide-5th edition

Nokia-6610

Nokia-6610i

Nokia-6650

Nokia-6651

Nokia-6700 Classic-6th edition

Nokia-6750 Mural-6th edition

Nokia-6800

Nokia-6800

Nokia-6810

Nokia-6820

Nokia-6822

Nokia-7020-6th edition

Nokia-7070 prism-5th edition

Nokia-7100 supernova-5th edition

Nokia-7200

Nokia-7210

Nokia-7210 supernova-5th edition

Nokia-7250

Nokia-7250i

Nokia-7260

Nokia-7270

Nokia-7310 supernova-5th edition

Nokia-7360-2nd edition

Nokia-7370-3rd edition

Nokia-7373-3rd edition

Nokia-7390-3rd edition

Nokia-7500 Prism-5th edition

Nokia-7510 supernova-6th edition

Nokia-7600

Nokia-7610 supernova-5th edition

Nokia-7900 Prism-5th edition

Nokia-8600 Luna-3rd edition

Nokia-8800

Nokia-8800 Arte-5th edition

Nokia-8800 Crabon arte-5th edition

Nokia-8800 Glod arte-5th edition

Nokia-8800 Sirocco-3rd edition

Nokia-8801-2nd edition

Nokia-8910i

Nokia-X3-6th edition

Related Articles

Nokia

Maemo

Symbian

References

^ "Forum Nokia - Nokia Series 40 Platform". Nokia. http://www.forum.nokia.com/main/platforms/s40/index.html. Retrieved 2008-09-26. 

^ "Mobile operating system review: Series 40 MobileArsenal". http://mobilearsenal.com/review/mobile_operating_systems_series_40/print/whole.html. Retrieved 2008-09-26. 

^ "Developing Scalable Series 40 Applications, A Guide for Java Developers". Addison-Wesley. http://www.pearsoned.co.uk/BOOKSHOP/detail.asp?item=100000000075919. Retrieved 2008-09-26. 

^ "Working with Nokia Series 40 Flash Lite content Adobe Developer Center". Adobe Systems. http://www.adobe.com/devnet/devices/articles/nokia_series40_pt1_print.html. Retrieved 2008-09-26. 

^ "Comparing Series 40 against S60 (as of 2007) All about Symbian". http://www.allaboutsymbian.com/features/item/Series_40_vs_S60.php. Retrieved 2008-09-26. 

^ "Series 40 UI Style Guide Forum Nokia". Nokia. http://www.forum.nokia.com/info/sw.nokia.com/id/73e935fe-8b59-43b2-ab3e-1c5f763672db/Series_40_UI_Style_Guide.html. Retrieved 2008-09-26. 

^ "Carbide.ui Theme Edition (can be used to create S40 themes) Forum Nokia". Nokia. http://www.forum.nokia.com/main/resources/tools_and_sdks/carbide_ui/features.html. Retrieved 2008-09-26. 

^ "Device Specifications Forum Nokia". Nokia. http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s40_1.html. Retrieved 2009-11-18. 

External links

Nokia Series 40 Developer Platform

Forum Nokia Russia - Nokia Series 40 Developer Platform

v  d  e

Nokia platforms

User interfaces

Maemo  Series 30   Series 40  S60 (formerly Series 60)   Series 80  Series 90

Operating systems

Maemo  Nokia OS  Symbian

Related articles

Accredited Symbian Developer  Carbide.c++  Symbian Foundation  S60 supported devices

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Nokia mobile phones by series

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1011  1100/1101  1110/1110i  1112  1200  1208  1600  1610  1650

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2110i  2115i  2310  2600  2600 classic  2610  2630  2650  2651  2700 classic  2730 classic  2760

Nokia 3000 series

3100/3100b/3105  3110  3110 classic  3120  3120 classic  3155  3200/3200b/3205  3210  3220  3230  3250  3310  3315  3330  3410  3500 classic  3510/3590/3595  3510i  3600/3620/3650/3660  3600 slide  3720 classic

Nokia 5000 series

5070  5100  5110  5130 Xpress Music  5200  5210  5220 Xpress Music  5230/5235   5300  5310 Xpress Music  5320  5330 Mobile TV Edition  5500 Sport  5510   5530   5610  5700  5730  5800

Nokia 6000 series

6010  6020/6021   6030  6070  6085  6100  6101  6103  6110/6120  6110 Navigator  6111  6120/6121/6124 classic  6131/6133  6136  6151  6170  6210  6210 Navigator  6220 classic  6230  6233  6255i  6260 Slide  6265  6270  6275i  6280/6288  6290  6300  6300i  6301  6303 classic  6310i  6315i  6500 classic  6500 slide  6555  6600  6600 fold  6600 slide  6610i  6620  6630  6650  6650 fold  6670  6680  6681/6682  6700 classic  6710 Navigator   6720 classic  6730  6800  6810  6820  6822

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7110  7160  7210  7250  7280  7360  7380  7390  7500 Prism  7600  7610  7650  7700  7710  7900 Prism

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8110  8210  8250  8310  8600 Luna  8800  8850  8910

Nokia Communicator

9000/9110/9110i  9210/9290  9210i  9300/9300i  9500

Nokia Cseries

C5

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E50  E51  E52  E55  E60  E61/E61i  E62  E63  E65  E66  E70  E71  E72  E75  E90 Communicator

Nokia Nseries

N70  N71  N72  N73  N75  N76  N78  N79  N80 (Internet Edition)  N81 (N81 8GB)  N82  N85  N86 8MP  N90  N91 (N91 8GB)  N92  N93  N93i  N95  N95 8GB  N96  N97

Nokia Xseries

X3  X6

Internet Tablet

770  N800  N810 (WiMAX Edition)  N900

N-Gage

Classic  QD  QD Silver Edition

Others

Vertu luxury phones

Concept

Nokia Morph  Nokia Aeon  Nokia 888  Nokia Eco Sensor  Nokia SURV1

List of Nokia products

Categories: Nokia | Mobile software | Embedded operating systems | Mobile operating systems

Curcuminoid

China Suppliers


Cyclodextrins

Curcurminoids form a more stable complex[disambiguation needed] with solutions which contain cyclodextrin towards hydrolytic degradations. The stability differs between size and characterzation of the cyclodextrins that are used. Dissolution of demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin and curcumin are greatest in the hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin (HPCD) cavity. The curcuminoids which have a substituent connected to the phenyl groups show more affinity for the HPCD compound. Degradation rate is depended on pH of the solution and how much protection the cyclodextrins provide the curcuminoids. The derivatives are usually more stable than curcumin against hydrolysis in cyclodextrin solution. No covalent bonds are synthesized between the cyclodextrins and the curcuminoids so they are easily released from the complex.

Micelles and nanoparticles electric indoor barbeque grill

A drug design with curcuminoids in complex with micelles could be one solution of the insolubility of the curcuminoids. The curcuminoids would be in complex with the core of the micelles similar to the complex inside the cyclodextrins. The micelles are dissolved in a suitable solvent where the headgroups of the micelles interact with the solvent. Curcuminoids as loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been developed with great success by using microemulsion technique. The loading capacity, the mean particle size and size distribution are all factors that have to be considered when the effects of curcuminoids in different strength are observed because it could variate. The advantages of SLN are the possibilities of controlled drug release and drug targeting, protection of incorporated compound against chemical degradation, no biotoxicity of the carrier, avoidance of organic solvent and no problems with respect to large scale production. In vitro studies show a prolonged release of curcuminoids from the nanoparticle preparate up to 12 hours and the curcuminoids maintained their physical and chemical stability after 6 months of storage in the absence of light at room temperature. The sensitivity of curcurminoids to light and oxygen is greatly reduced by formulation of curcuminoids in SLN. glass bottle cutter

SLN pasta making machine

Cosmetics

SLN preparate has been developed for cosmetics where the curcuminoids are used in cream base. But there are some stability issues which have not been overcome yet, further studies need to be done to find a suitable formulation which can be carried out in order to prolong the stability of the curcuminoids. Nevertheless there have been improvements in formulation of some stable model cream preparations with SLN curcuminoids. It is suggested that most of the curcuminoids are incorporated at the SLN surface where they are diffused into the cream matrix until a steady state is reached. At this state the curcuminoids go from the cream to the dissolution medium. A possible burst release in creams containing curcuminoids have been reported where the curcuminoids are rapidly released in a sufficient amount from the cream into the skin and is followed by a controlled release. When SLN are prepared by microemulsion at a temperature with the range of 70-75C an oil-in-water microemulsion is spontaneously formed. The SLN are obtained immediately when they are dispersed in the warm microemulsion into cold water, with the help of a homogenizer. The cold water facilitates a rapid crystallization of the lipids and therefore prevents aggregation of the lipids. After freeze drying the yellow curcuminoids containing SLN were obtained and could easily be redispersed in water and the model cream. The SLN have uniform distribution and according to electron micrograph scan they had a spherical shape and smooth surface. It has been reported that increasing the lipid content over 5-10%(w/w) increased the mean particle size and broader size distribution in most common cases. That range should there for be ideal concentration for formulation of the SLN.

Incorporation

Incorporation is one thing that needs to be considered in formulation of SLN. Concentration of the lipid, emulsifier and co-emulsifier solution is a key factor on this conversion of the SLN. If the amount of emulsifier and co-emulsifier are increased but the lipid amount is constant the surface of the SLN which is formed will be too small to adsorb all the surfactant and co-surfactant molecules, and a formation of curcuminoids solution micelles will be created. This will then increase the water solubility of the curcuminoids and they could partition from the SLN into the micelles that were formed during a wash procedure. This will reduce the final incorporation efficacy on the surface of the SLN.

Anti-oxidant activity

The curcumin derivatives demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin have, like curcurmin itself been tested for their antioxidant activities in vitro. Antioxidants can be used to extend the shelf life for food and maintain their safety, nutritional quality, functionality and palatability. Pure chemicals of curcumin and its derivatives are not available in the open market. Commercial curcumin contains 77% curcumin, 17% demethoxycurcumin and 3% bisdemethoxycurcumin from the herb Curcuma longa. Curcumin is mainly produced in industry as pigment by using turmeric oleoresin as the starting material which curcuminoids can be isolated from. After the isolation of the curcurminoids, the extract which is about 75% liquor mainly contains oil, resin and more curcuminoids which can be isolated further. This isolation method was used to demonstrate the antioxidant activities of curcuminoids, where they isolated pure curcuminoids from the main liquor. One research reported that curcumin was the strongest antioxidant, demethoxycurcumin the second strongest and bisdemethoxycurcumin the least effective. Curcuminoids nevertheless showed activity against oxidation. Curcuminoids act as a superoxide radical scavenger as well as singlet oxygen quencher and gives the antioxidant its effectiveness. Of the naturally accruing curcuminoids, one of the main metabolites of curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin is the most potent antioxidant. The curcuminoids are capable of inhibiting damage to super coiled plasmid DNA by hydroxyl radicals. It was concluded that the derivatives of curcumin are good in trapping the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl(DPPH) radical as efficiently as curcumin which is a well known antioxidant.

Anti-inflammatory activity

Anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin and its derivatives are because of the hydroxyl and phenol groups in the molecules. These groups are essential for inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase and leukotrienes synthesis. A system with conjugated double bonds or dienes is also believed to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect as well as antiparasitic activity. The diene system seems to make the compounds more lipophilic and therefore provide a better skin penetration which could be good for that kind of drug preparation.

Chemotherapeutic activity

Studies suggest that the bioavailability of curcumin and possibly its derivatives is greatest in the colon. The tissue in the gastrointestinal tract seems to be more exposed predominantly to unmetabolised curcumin than other tissues hence they could support clinical studies of curcumin as a colorectal cancer preventive agent. Demethoxycurcumin has recently been tested in colon cancer and it showed more effective inhibitation of cell division and apoptosis than curcumin. It is possible that the difference in apoptosis in vitro is connected to the degradation of the two chemicals and/or their stability.

References

^ a b c Pret-Almeida L, Cherubino APF, Alves RJ, Dufoss L, Glria MBA (October-November 2005). "Separation and determination of the physico-chemical characteristics of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin". Food Research International 38 (8-9): 103944. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T6V-4GHRBYJ-9&_user=5915660&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000068853&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=5915660&md5=31ef8e5c0d8983d74eb098289189a40f. 

^ a b Tomren MA, Msson M, Loftsson T, Tnnesen HH (June 2007). "Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids XXXI. Symmetric and asymmetric curcuminoids: stability, activity and complexation with cyclodextrin". Int J Pharm 338 (1-2): 2734. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.01.013. PMID 17298869. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-5173(07)00048-8. 

^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Tiyaboonchai W, Tungpradit W, Plianbangchang P (June 2007). "Formulation and characterization of curcuminoids loaded solid lipid nanoparticles". Int J Pharm 337 (1-2): 299306. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.12.043. PMID 17287099. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-5173(07)00012-9. 

^ a b c d e f g h i j Jayaprakasha GK, Rao LJ, Sakariah KK (2006). "Antioxidant activities of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin". Food Chemistry 98 (4): 7204. http://portal.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=Frame. 

Categories: PolyphenolsHidden categories: Articles contradicting other articles | Articles with links needing disambiguation

Directed ortho metalation

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Directed ortho metalation (DoM) is an adaptation of electrophilic aromatic substitution in which electrophiles attach themselves exclusively to the ortho- position of a direct metalation group or DMG through the intermediary of an aryllithium compound . The DMG interacts with lithium through a hetero atom. Examples of DMG's are the methoxy group, a tertiary amine group and an amide group.

The general principle is outlined in scheme 1. An aromatic ring system with a DMG group 1 interacts with an alkyllithium such as n-butyllithium in its specific aggregation state (hence (R-Li)n) to intermediate 2 since the hetero atom on the DMG is a Lewis base and lithium the Lewis acid. The very basic alkyllithium then deprotonates the ring in the nearest ortho- position forming the aryllithium 3 all the while maintaining the acid-base interaction. An electrophile reacts in the next phase in an electrophilic aromatic substitution with a strong preference for the lithium ipso position replacing the lithium atom. molded resin

Ordinary electrophilic substitutions with an activating group show preference for both the ortho and para position, this reaction demonstrates increased regioselectivity because the ortho position alone is targeted. pine resin

This reaction type was discovered independently by Henry Gilman and Georg Wittig around 1940. urea formaldehyde resin

Scope

Victor Snieckus, one of the most active researchers studying ortho lithiation

DOM has been applied to the synthesis of enantiopure benzyl amines in scheme 3 . On approach to the lithium intermediate, the bulky tosyl group on the imine electrophile is responsible for the asymmetric induction taking place.

In another application DOM is applied in placing a bulky tert-butyl group in an ortho position (scheme 4). The lithiation is an nucleophilic aromatic substitution and the subsequent reaction to the sulfoxide an electrophilic aromatic substitution. In the final step tert-butyllithium acts as a nucleophile in another nucleophilic aromatic substitution through an anionic intermediate.

Directed metallation is not limited to lithium intermediates or even to an ortho preference. In one study it is found that the reaction product of N,N-dimethylaniline with a complex of TMEDA, sodium salt of TMP and di-tert-butylzinc is a meta zincated complex as a stable crystalline compound. This complex reacts with electrophilic iodine to N,N-dimethyl-3-iodoaniline :

DoM has also been applied combined with a Suzuki reaction in a one-pot synthesis :

References

^ Directed ortho metalation. Tertiary amide and O-carbamate directors in synthetic strategies for polysubstituted aromatics Victor Snieckus Chem. Rev.; 1990; 90(6); 879-933. Abstract

^ Relative Reactivities of Organometallic Compounds. XX.* Metalation Henry Gilman, Robert L. Bebb J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1939; 61(1); 109-112. Abstract

^ G. Wittig et al. Chem. Ber. 1940, 73, 1197

^ ortho-Metalation of Enantiopure Aromatic Sulfoxides and Stereocontrolled Addition to Imines Nicolas Le Fur, Ljubica Mojovic, Nelly Pl, Alain Turck, Vincent Reboul, and Patrick Metzner J. Org. Chem.; 2006; 71(7) pp 2609 - 2616; Abstract

^ Scheme 3. Reaction scheme: reaction of iodobenzene with n-butyllithium and (S)-tert-butyl tert-butanethiosulfinate to enantiopure an sulfoxide followed by DOM reaction initiated again by n-butyllithium with electrophilic N-tosylimine. The sulfoxide group is removed by hydrogenation with Raney nickel. ts is a tosyl group, ee stands for enantiomeric excess

^ Contra-Friedelrafts tert-butylation of substituted aromatic rings via directed metallation and sulfinylation Jonathan Clayden, Christopher C. Stimson and Martine Keenan Chemical Communications, 2006, 1393 - 1394 Abstract

^ Directed meta-Metalation Using Alkali-Metal-Mediated Zincation David R. Armstrong, William Clegg, Sophie H. Dale, Eva Hevia, Lorna M. Hogg, Gordon W. Honeyman, Robert E. Mulvey Angewandte Chemie International Edition Volume 45, Issue 23 , Pages 3775 - 3778 2006 doi:10.1002/anie.200600720

^ a) Solvent hexane reaction at room temperature. Selected bond lengths in 2: Zn-C bond 203.5 pm in plane with aryl plane, Na-C bond 269 pm at 76 to aryl plane

^ Directed ortho Metalation-Boronation and Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling of Pyridine Derivatives: A One-Pot Protocol to Substituted Azabiaryls Manlio Alessi, Andrew L. Larkin, Kevin A. Ogilvie, Laine A. Green, Sunny Lai, Simon Lopez, and Victor Snieckus J. Org. Chem.; 2007; 72(5) pp 1588 - 1594; (Article) doi:10.1021/jo0620359

^ In this sequence the starting material nicotinamide is lithiated, then reacted with triisopropoxyborane to a boronate ester, then reacted with pinacol and finally reacted with iodobenzene and Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)

Categories: Substitution reactions

Electrical termination

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Types of terminators

Passive

Passive terminators consist of a simple resistor. Limited usage for highspeed applications. There are two types: a resistor between signal and ground like in Ethernet, or a resistor from the positive rail to signal and a resistor from the signal to negative rail like in SCSI. vrla batteries

Active battery separator

Active terminators consist of a voltage regulator that keeps the voltage used for the terminating resistor(s) at a constant level. 12v motorcycle battery

Forced Perfect Termination (FPT)

Forced Perfect Termination can be used on single ended buses where diodes remove over and undershoot conditions. The signal is locked between two actively regulated voltage levels, which results in superior performance over a standard active terminator.

Applications

SCSI terminator.

SCSI

All parallel SCSI units use terminators. SCSI is primarily used for storage and backup.

Dummy load

Main article: Dummy load

Dummy loads are commonly used in HF to EHF frequency circuits.

Ethernet coaxial 50 ohm

10BASE2 networks absolutely must have proper termination with a 50 ohm BNC terminator. If the bus network is not properly terminated, too much power will be reflected, causing all of the computers on the bus to lose network connectivity.

Antenna network 75 ohm

A terminating resistor for a television coaxial cable is often in the form of a cap, threaded to screw onto an F connector. Antenna cables are sometimes used for internet connections; however RG-6 should not be used for 10BASE2 (which should use RG-58) as the impedance mismatch can cause phasing problems with the baseband signal.

MIL-STD-1553

Terminating resistors values of 78.7 ohms 2 watt 1% are used on the MIL-STD-1553 bus. At the two ends of the bus, resistors connect between the positive (high) and negative (low) signal wires either in internally terminated bus couplers or external connectorized terminators.

The MIL-STD-1553B bus must be terminated at both ends to minimize the effects of signal reflections that can cause waveform distortion and disruption or intermittent communications failures.

Optionally, a high-impedance terminator (1000 to 3000 ohms) may be used in vehicle applications to simulate a future load from an unspecified device.

Connectorized terminators are available with or without safety chains.

See also

Electrical connector

Electrical network

MIL-STD-1553

Issues

Signal reflection

Impedance matching

Biasing

External links

MIL-STD-1553B Concepts and Considerations from MilesTek Corporation

Terminators from MilesTek Corporation

Other meaning

Electrical termination sometimes refers to manufacturing operations which connect wires together. This includes crimping, soldering, and related operations. See electrical connector.

This electronics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

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Categories: Electronic circuits | SCSI | Electronics stubs | Telecommunications stubsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2006 | All articles lacking sources | Articles with links needing disambiguation

San Jose Flea Market

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Management

Vendors at the San Jose Flea Market

The San Jose Flea Market is still family owned and operated. Although there is now a staff of 500 service employees and controlled by Ogden Entertainment Services, the Bumb family oversees all management of the market. Brian Bumb Sr., son of George Bumb Sr., now supervises and is part owner (15.7%) of the San Jose Flea market among his other brothers, George Bumb Jr., and Timothy Bumb, who each have 14.1% ownership. Other members of the Bumb family own vendor stalls, work at food carts, and have managerial positions within the flea market. Joe Bumb, cousin of Brian Bumb, owns American Precious Metals, an open-air store within the flea market that now sells mostly jewelry. Joe Bumb store revenue totals approximately $100,000 a month. On any given Sunday, a visitor can find Joe and a handful of his children helping their father at the family store. vpl cx70

On Site mr16 light bulb

Attractions accent lighting led

A Mariachi band performing at San Jose Flea Market

The eight miles (13 km) worth of aisles allows for over 2000 vendors to sell an array of goods. With a population and land mass larger than some small towns, the flea market is a major contributor to the income of many Silicon Valley families. Some of the treasures found at the landmark include jewelry, furniture, clothing, fruits, vegetables, shoes, collectables, toys, books, lamps, batteries, car stereo equipment, paintings, power drills, lamp shades, lipstick, and forks.

Along with the material items sold at the flea market, there are twenty five food vendors. Restaurants sell delicacies from burritos to French fries and freshly cooked meats on the outdoor barbecue in order to satisfy the tastes of the large clientele the Flea Market serves daily. There are also snack carts for shoppers on the run that offer delicious treats. Some of those include mango and pineapple spears on a stick, cold sodas, and churros. The largest section of the Flea Market is Produce Row which stretches a quarter of a mile through the market and contains vegetables and fruit from California farmers.

The atmosphere is like none other. To accompany the sweet and savory smells of the food, there is the sound of constant music playing. Since the Flea Market attracts people from a wide range of backgrounds and ethnicities, the songs played from vendor stands reflect the Market varying tastes. So, it is no surprise that an authentic Mexican mariachi band will be playing as a Beach Boys song is heard a few minutes later. There are also a carrousel, arcade, and three playgrounds for children.

The diversity of people, food, and music at the San Jose Flea Market epitomizes the melting pot on which California Bay Area prides itself.

School

To keep his family tradition of education in the Roman Catholic Church, George Bumb Sr. established Saint Thomas More School on the flea market property in 1978 . His grandchildren were the first to attend the school, but when St. Thomas More was relocated in 2004 to 1590 South White Road in San Jose, CA, the attendance increased to include students outside the Bumb family. Although it no longer remains on the Flea Market grounds, Saint Thomas More School resided on the site for twenty six years; a majority of the Flea Market's life.

Setbacks

Fraud and Theft

On Sunday, October 29, 1986, eight vendors at the San Jose Flea Market were arrested by undercover officers for selling counterfeit cassette tapes. The officers also confiscated 14,000 tapes from the stands. Sellers of these tapes were investigated after a 1984 study showed that the recording industry had lost over $300 million in fake tapes. Tapes at a record store sell for about $8 a tape; tapes at the flea market were being sold for two for $5 or three for $6.

In January 1990, five men were arrested for stealing 38 Ford pickup trucks from the parking lot of the San Jose Flea Market. The Fresno native men stole the cars to send them south to the San Joaquin Valley where they could be sold. The parking lot of the Flea Market is so big that security did not notice that nearly three cars were being stolen daily. But surveillance of the lot allowed authorities to catch the five suspects stealing the cars.

In December 1990, ten vendors were arrested for selling fake designer watches, athletic shoes, and clothing. 7,000 bogus items at an estimated worth of $150,000 were confiscated by a San Francisco investigator who was working with the San Jose police. In the beginning of this investigation, authorities bought 100 (Chanel, Fendi, Nike, Rolex, Adidas) counterfeit items from 42 vendors. On the day of the arrest, however, only 10 phony vendors were out due to the rain.

In May 1993, eight vendors were arrested for selling phony major league sports wear and $46,000 worth of clothing was confiscated. Imitation hats, t-shirts, and jackets were being sold and over $4,000 items were carried away.

Child Labor

In June 1992, Flea Market Inc. was fined $68,700 for alleged child labor at the San Jose Flea Market. Investigators of child labor laws in San Jose, claimed the Flea Market employed 71 children ages 1415 in a Flea Market restaurant for more than the federal standard time of 18 hours per week. The United States Department of Labor also regards this job as unsafe. Although the San Jose Flea Market did not appeal the facts of the case, they did dispute the fines received. The Flea Market claimed that since they are not involved in inter-state commerce, they abide by less limiting state laws and are not a part of the Federal Labor Department jurisdiction.

Family Feud

In the late 1970, problems began when George Bumb Sr.'s wife began having an affair with a man she met at a square dancing class. Felony charges faced George Bumb Sr. when he and an accomplice beat the man for 90 minutes. He offered him $100,000 to leave town. Bumb pleaded guilty to misdemeanors.

Throughout his career George Bumb Sr. included his eight children in the family business. He managed his businesses and family similarly with strict policies and fired his family members frequently. A more secretive family feud began when one of his sons, Brian Bumb Sr., did not send his children to the family school, St. Thomas More. Brian told his father the world was bigger than the Flea Market, and his children would explore it.

The Bumbs continue to have business and family difficulties. In the late 1990, George Bumb Sr.'s son Jeff spent $11.5 million to open up Bay 101, a card room in San Jose. But Jeff was unsuccessful in getting a gaming license from the state because of a loan that he never paid off. His two brothers, George Jr. and Tim Bumb, never planned to get involved but obtained the gaming license for Bay 101. Therefore Jeff originally did not receive any money from the Bay 101 profits. As a result, he asked his father for a bigger share of the Flea Market so all of the Bumb brothers' profits would be equal. George Bumb Sr. refused and Jeff consequently sued his family. The case settled for $5.8 million in 1996. George Bumb Sr. died shortly after, never reconciling with his son Jeff.

Fire

On Tuesday, November 29, 2006, a fire burned down 24 stands of Produce Row at the San Jose Flea Market. At 6:02 p.m, a 911 call was made and dozens of fire crews and a helicopter arrived to put out the flames. Although the fire was contained at 7:15 p.m, $200,000 worth of merchandise was destroyed. Burnt nuts, fruit, plants, and plastic were strewn all over the ground. Teresa Bumb, daughter of Brian Bumb Sr., stated that they would do their best to help those who were affected by the fire by offering free or reduced rent.

Future Developments

On August 14, 2007, the San Jose City Council approved the proposal to reconstruct the 120-acre (0.49 km2) property on Berryessa Road to allow for a 2,800-home development. The Council took suggestions from the public and discussed it among themselves for about two hours that concluded in an approval of the motion by a 10 to 1 vote. The lone disapproving vote was cast because the Council member felt the requirements the city gave the Bumb family were excessive. The motion approved the Bumb Family plan to develop the 120-acre (0.49 km2) lot that is the current home of the San Jose Flea Market. The flea market will remain open until 2010, but in the meantime, a joint effort between the Bumb family and the city will take place to find a new venue to host the vendors. The approval of the project would have a few more benefits aside from an increase in housing. The Flea Market location is also a future BART, Bay Area Rapid Transit, station site. The upside to building 2,000+ low-income homes around that station would be a positive effect on San Jose commuters.

The challenge is to find a replacement site for the Flea Market. Some potential sites are the Singleton Road landfill, the south end of Coyote Valley, the Santa Clara County Fairgrounds and Morgan Hill. Whichever site is chosen will need to be at least 80 acres (320,000 m2) to host the thousands of Flea Market vendors. With a recent increase in land value, finding such a spot will be an expensive task.

Notes

^ Vazquez, Daniel. "George Bumb Sr., Began Fleamarket". "San Jose Mercury News". 2000-8-21.

^ a b c *San Jose Flea Market History

^ Hendrickson, Steve. emorandum: Bay 101 Conditional Approval of Stock Transfer. 2007-9-13

^ Eunjung Cha, Ariana. nternet Threatens Old-Fashioned Sales Venues Washington Post. 2005-8-2.

^ Rodriguez, Joe. roduce Row Packs Them In. San Jose Mercury News. 2006-6-26.

^ *California Business Portal Corporations

^ Mercury News Staff Report. "San Jose Police Arrest 8 In Bogus Cassette Case." "San Jose Mercury News". 1986-11-6.

^ Barnacle, Betty. "5 Seized In Theft of Tucks Pickups Taken At Flea Market". "San Jose Mercury News". 1990-1-31.

^ Barnacle, Betty. "10 Arrested in Flea- Market Raid On Fakes". "San Jose Mercury News". 1990-12-18.

^ Barnacle, Betty. "Counterfeit Sports Wear Seized at Two S.J. FleaMarket Raids". "San Jose Mercury News". 1993-5-3.

^ Levander, Michelle. "Child Labor Exposed Employers Fined for Hours, Task Violation". "San Jose Mercury News". 1992-6-17.

^ Sulek, Julia. "Card Club Problems The Bay 101 Card Club in San Jose Has Been a Source of Controversy Within the Bumb Family". "San Jose Mercury News". 2000-12-31.

^ Gonzales, Sandra. ire Damages Flea Market. San Jose Mercury News. 2006-11-29.

^ Sherbert,Erin. he Waiting Game. The Metro Silicon Valley. 2007-9-12.

^ Gomez, Mark. lea-Market Future at Issue- ransit Village Planned for Property. San Jose Mercury News. 2007-8-13.

References

San Jose Flea Market History

ublic Eye The Metro Silicon Valley. 2000-8-24.

amily Feud The Metro Silicon Valley. 1999-7-1.

igh Class Joints The Metro Silicon Valley. 2000-9-7.

California Business Portal Corporations

Bailey, Brandon. airgrounds Floated as New Flea Market Site. San Jose Mercury News. 2007-4-15.

Bailey, Brandon. endors Rally to Save Flea Market. San Jose Mercury News. 2007-4-25.

Barnacle, Betty. "5 Seized In Theft of Tucks Pickups Taken At Flea Market". San Jose Mercury News. 1990-1-31.

Barnacle, Betty. "10 Arrested in Flea- Market Raid On Fakes". San Jose Mercury News. 1990-12-18.

Barnacle, Betty. "Counterfeit Sports Wear Seized at Two S.J. FleaMarket Raids". San Jose Mercury News. 1993-5-3.

Gomez, Mark. lea-Market Future at Issue- ransit Village Planned for Property. San Jose Mercury News. 2007-8-13.

Gonzales, Sandra. ire Damages Flea Market. San Jose Mercury News. 2006-11-29.

Gore, Robert J. he Bazaar Growth of Swap Meets. Los Angeles Times. 1982-6-18.

Eunjung Cha, Ariana. nternet Threatens Old-Fashioned Sales Venues Washington Post. 2005-8-2.

Hall, Christopher. hat Doing In San Jose. New York Times. 1998-4-12.

Hendrickson, Steve. emorandum: Bay 101 Conditional Approval of Stock Transfer. 2007-9-13

Levander, Michelle. "Child Labor Exposed Employers Fined for Hours, Task Violation". San Jose Mercury News. 1992-6-17.

Mercury News Staff Report. "San Jose Police Arrest 8 In Bogus Cassette Case." San Jose Mercury News. 1986-11-6.

Rodriguez, Joe. iscovering a World of Fruits and Vegetables. San Jose Mercury News. 2007-5-24.

Rodriguez, Joe. roduce Row Packs Them In. San Jose Mercury News. 2006-6-26.

Sherbert,Erin. he Waiting Game. The Metro Silicon Valley. 2007-9-12.

Sherbert,Erin. wilight Zoning. The Metro Silicon Valley. 2007-11-14.

Stein, Loren. ave Goodbye To the Train. The Metro Silicon Valley. 2002-12-26.

Sulek, Julia. "Card Club Problems The Bay 101 Card Club in San Jose Has Been a Source of Controversy Within the Bumb Family". San Jose Mercury News. 2000-12-31.

Vazquez, Daniel. "George Bumb Sr., Began Fleamarket". San Jose Mercury News. 2000-8-21.

Witt, Barry. lea-Market Rezoning Approved- Venue to be Open Until Early 2010. San Jose Mercury News. 2007-8-16.

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San Jose and Silicon Valley attractions

Arboreta/Gardens

Arizona Cactus Garden  Chinese Cultural Garden  Emma Prusch Farm Park  Hakone Gardens  Japanese Friendship Garden  Overfelt Gardens  SJ Municipal Rose Garden  Stanford Arboretum  Villa Montalvo Arboretum

Cultural

American Musical Theatre of SJ  Ballet San Jose  Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph  Choral Project  De Saisset Museum  MLK Library  Gurdwara Sahib  Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies  Mexican Heritage Plaza  Opera San Jose  SJ City Hall  SJ Flea Market  SJ Improv  SJ Museum of Art  SJ Rep Theatre  Viet Museum  Villa Montalvo  Vivace Youth Chorus

Event venues

Buck Shaw Stadium  HP Pavilion at San Jose  PAL Stadium  SC Convention Center  SJ Civic Auditorium  SJ Convention Center  SJ Municipal Stadium  SJSU Event Center Arena  Shoreline Amphitheatre  Spartan Stadium

Events

BayCon  Cinequest Film Festival  FanimeCon  FurCon  Gilroy Garlic Festival  LiveStrong Challenge  SJ Holiday Parade  SJ Jazz Festival  Stanford Jazz Festival

Historical

Circle of Palms  De Anza Hotel  Hangar One  History Park at Kelley Park  HP Garage  Peralta Adobe  Portuguese Historical Museum  Rengstorff House  Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum  SJ Museum of Quilts & Textiles  Winchester Mystery House

Parks/Trails

Almaden Quicksilver County Park  Alum Rock Park  Bay Area Ridge Trail  Castle Rock State Park  Ed Levin Park  Grant Ranch Park  Guadalupe River Trail  Henry W. Coe State Park  Kelley Park  Lake Cunningham  Los Alamitos Creek Trail  Los Gatos Creek Trail  Plaza de Csar Chvez  Rancho San Antonio  Rosicrucian Park  Sanborn Park  SF Bay Trail  Shoreline Park  Stevens Creek Trail  Vasona Park

Science/Tech/Education

Children's Discovery Museum  Computer History Museum  Googleplex  Intel Museum  Laser Quest  Lick Observatory  NASA Ames Research Center  SJSU  SCU  Stanford  The Tech Museum of Innovation

Shopping

Eastridge  Great Mall  Pruneyard  San Antonio  Santana Row  Stanford  Vallco  Oakridge  Valley Fair  Westgate

Theme parks & Tours

Airship Ventures  Billy Jones Wildcat Railroad  Gilroy Gardens  Great America  Happy Hollow Park & Zoo  Raging Waters

Vineyards/Wineries

Byington Vineyard  J Lohr Vineyards and Wines  Mountain Winery  Picchetti Brothers Winery  Savannah-Chanelle Vineyards

Categories: Visitor attractions in Silicon Valley | Retail markets in the United States | Economy of San Jose, California | Culture of San Jose, CaliforniaHidden categories: Santa Clara County, California articles missing geocoordinate data | All articles needing coordinates