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List of significant petrochemicals and their derivatives

The following is a partial list of the major commercial petrochemicals and their derivatives:

ethylene - the simplest olefin; used as a ripening hormone, a monomer and a chemical feedstock down mattress topper

polyethylenes - polymerized ethylene mattress covers waterproof

ethanol - made by hydration (chemical reaction adding water) of ethylene mattress protector

ethylene oxide - sometimes called oxirane; can be made by oxidation of ethylene

ethylene glycol - from hydration of ethylene oxide or oxidation of ethylene

engine coolant - contains ethylene glycol

polyesters - any of several polymers with ester linkages in the backbone chain

glycol ethers - from condensation of glycols

ethoxylates

vinyl acetate

1,2-dichloroethane

trichloroethylene

tetrachloroethylene - also called perchloroethylene; used as a dry cleaning solvent and degreaser

vinyl chloride - monomer for polyvinyl chloride

polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - type of plastic used for piping, tubing, other things

propylene - used as a monomer and a chemical feedstock

isopropyl alcohol - 2-propanol; often used as a solvent or rubbing alcohol

acrylonitrile - useful as a monomer in forming Orlon, ABS

polypropylene - polymerized propylene

propylene oxide

propylene glycol - sometimes used in engine coolant

glycol ethers - from condensation of glycols

acrylic acid

acrylic polymers

allyl chloride -

epichlorohydrin - chloro-oxirane; used in epoxy resin formation

epoxy resins - a type of polymerizing glue from bisphenol A, epichlorohydrin, and some amine

C4 hydrocarbons - a mixture consisting of butanes, butylenes and butadienes

isomers of butylene - useful as monomers or co-monomers

isobutylene - feed for making methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) or monomer for copolymerization with a low percentage of isoprene to make butyl rubber

1,3-butadiene - a diene often used as a monomer or co-monomer for polymerization to elastomers such as polybutadiene or a plastic such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)

synthetic rubbers - synthetic elastomers made of any one or more of several petrochemical (usually) monomers such as 1,3-butadiene, styrene, isobutylene, isoprene, chloroprene; elastomeric polymers are often made with a high percentage of conjugated diene monomers such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, or chloroprene

higher olefins

polyolefins such poly-alpha-olefins which are used as lubricants

alpha-olefins - used as monomers, co-monomers, and other chemical precursors. For example, a small amount of 1-hexene can be copolymerized with ethylene into a more flexible form of polyethylene.

other higher olefins

detergent alcohols

benzene - the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon

ethylbenzene - made from benzene and ethylene

styrene made by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene; used as a monomer

polystyrenes - polymers with styrene as a monomer

cumene - isopropylbenzene; a feedstock in the cumene process

phenol - hydroxybenzene; of dassdcten made by the cumene process

acetone - dimethyl ketone; also often made by the cumene process

bisphenol A - a type of "double" phenol used in polymerization in epoxy resins and making a common type of polycarbonate

epoxy resins - a type of polymerizing glue from bisphenol A, epichlorohydrin, and some amine

polycarbonate - a plastic polymer made from bisphenol A and phosgene (carbonyl dichloride)

solvents - liquids used for dissolving materials; examples often made from petrochemicals include ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, benzene, toluene, xylenes

cyclohexane - a 6-carbon aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon sometimes used as a non-polar solvent

adipic acid - a 6-carbon dicarboxylic acid which can be a precursor used as a co-monomer together with a diamine to form an alternating copolymer form of nylon.

nylons - types of polyamides, some are alternating copolymers formed from copolymerizing dicarboxylic acid or derivatives with diamines

caprolactam - a 6-carbon cyclic amide

nylons - types of polyamides, some are from polymerizing caprolactam

nitrobenzene - can be made by single nitration of benzene

aniline - aminobenzene

methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) - used as a co-monomer with diols or polyols to form polyurethanes or with di- or polyamines to form polyureas

polyurethanes

alkylbenzene - a general type of aromatic hydrocarbon which can be used as a presursor for a sulfonate surfactant (detergent)

detergents - often include surfactants types such as alkylbenzenesulfonates and nonylphenol ethoxylates

chlorobenzene

toluene - methylbenzene; can be a solvent or precursor for other chemicals

benzene

toluene diisocyanate (TDI) - used as co-monomers with diols or polyols to form polyurethanes or with di- or polyamines to form polyureas

polyurethanes - a polymer formed from diisocyanates and diols or polyols

benzoic acid - carboxybenzene

caprolactam

nylon

mixed xylenes - any of three dimethylbenzene isomers, could be a solvent but more often precursor chemicals

ortho-xylene - both methyl groups can be oxidized to form (ortho-)phthalic acid

phthalic anhydride

para-xylene - both methyl groups can be oxidized to form terephthalic acid

dimethyl terephthalate - can be copolymerized to form certain polyesters

polyesters - although there can be many types, polyethylene terephthalate is made from petrochemical products and is very widely used.

purified terephthalic acid - often copolymerized to form polyethylene terephthalate

polyesters

Petrochemicals products

Petrochemicals

Polymers & Fibers

Petroleum

Chemicals

Healthcare

Basic Feedstock

Butadiene

Ethylene

Para-xylene

Propylene

Intermediates

2-Ethylhexanol (2-EH)

Acetic acid

Acrylonitrile (AN)

Ammonia

Cyclohexane

Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT)

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dioctyl phthalate)

Dodecylbenzene

Ethanol

Ethanolamine

Ethoxylate

1,2-Dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride or EDC)

Ethylene glycol (EG)

Ethylene oxide (EO)

Formaldehyde

Linear alkylbenzene (LAB)

Methanol

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)

n-Butene

n-Hexene

Phenol

Propylene oxide

Purified terephthalic acid (PTA)

Styrene monomer (SM)

Urea

Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM)

Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)

Acrylic fiber

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)

Acrylonitrile styrene (AS)

Polybutadiene (PBR)

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Polyethylene (PE)

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Polypropylene (PP)

Polystyrene (PS)

Styrene butadiene (SBR)

Urea-formaldehyde (UF)

Lubricants

Additives

Catalysts

Marine fuel oil

Petroleum refining

Adhesives and sealants

Agrochemicals

Construction chemicals

Corrosion control chemicals

Cosmetics raw materials

Electronic chemicals and materials

Flavourings, fragrances, food additives

Specialty and industrial chemicals

Specialty and industrial gases

Inks, dyes and printing supplies

Packaging, bottles, and containers

Paint, coatings, and resins

Polymer additives

Specialty and life sciences chemicals

Surfactants and cleaning agents

Health care

Pharmaceutical

See also

Petroleum

Petroleum products

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Gulf Petrochemicals and Chemicals Association

Notes

^ a b (Matar p. xiii)

References

Matar, Sami; Hatch, Lewis Frederic (2001). Chemistry of petrochemical processes (2 ed.). Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN 0884153150. http://books.google.com/books?id=PR6pujxc68kC&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_s. 

External links

ICIS, Petrochemical, oil and energy commodity price analysis and data

Petrochemistry in Europe

Educational resource on petrochemistry

Article showing some of the basics of a petchem facility

Categories: Petroleum products | Chemical engineering